Bias in translation
Keywords:
translation, bias, positive bias, negative biasAbstract
Translation is the process of rendering a text from a source language into a target language. It usually reflects, through the medium of language, the translator’s level of knowledge of the source language and the target language, attitudes, reactions, orientation including bias, prejudice, ideology, etc. Bias is the act of either taking sides or opposing an individual, a group of people and a phenomenon that are either in the immediate context or outside it. On this basis, the current study aims at presenting the concept of bias in terms of its definition, nature and characteristics, types, reasons behind bias and the measures or steps to minimize bias in translation. In other words, it sets of the point that bias in translation is the translator’s act of violating the principle of truth or sincerity and hence presenting the translated material in a new form that is either beautified/ positive or distorted/ negative. It has further revealed the fact that such a behaviour on the part of the translator has triggered scholars’ interest to probe the reasons behind it and specify the reasons and/or factors, namely personal, ideological, social, political, etc.
Downloads
References
Bassnett, S., & Schäffner, C. (2010). Politics, media and translation: Exploring synergies. In Political discourse, media and translation (pp. 1-29). Cambridge Scholars. (https://2u.pw/bwVRF).
Bayani, Z. (2016). Applying critical discourse analysis in translation of political speeches and interviews. International Journal of Modern Language Teaching and Learning, 1, 54-58.
Bell, R. T. (1991). Translation and translating (Vol. 56). London: Longman. Retrieved from seer.ufrgs.br/translatio/article/download/36687/23754
Blumler, J. G. and Gurevitch, M. (1990). Political Communication Systems and Democratic Values. In: Lichtenberg, J. (ed.). Democracy and the Mass Media, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. pp. 269-289.
Cambridge Dictionary.
Fuller, P. (2019). The Nature of Bias. Franklin Covey's Session: Unconscious bias: Understanding Bias to Unleash Potential. (https://2u.pw/bxvMl).
Garrido-Muñoz, I., Montejo-Ráez, A., Martínez-Santiago, F., & Ureña-López, L. A. (2021). A Survey on Bias in Deep NLP. Applied Sciences, 11(7), 3184.
Ghazala, H. (2002). The Translator’Dilemma with Bias. Babel, 48(2), 147-162. (https://2u.pw/ZipgY)
Http 1: www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/bias.
Http 2: www. td.org/insights/the-nature-of-bias.
Jakobson, R. (1960). Linguistics and Poetics. In T. Sebeok (Ed.), Style in Language (pp. 350-377). Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
Lefevere, A. (1992b). Translation Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London/New York: Routledge.
Matsumoto, D. & Juang, L. (2013). Culture & Psychology. (5th ed.stamford, CT: Wadsworth Publishing. (https://2u.pw/KMEET)
Mazzoleni, G. (2002 [1998]). Politikai kommunikáció [Political Communication]. Osiris Kiadó: Budapest. Screening Political Bias and Reality in Media Translations. Volume 16, No. 3. Retrieved from URL: http://translationjournal.net/journal/61bias.htm
Munday, J. (2001). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. London and New York: Routledge.
Munday, J. (2012a). Evaluation in Translation: Critical Points of Translator Decision-Making. London and New York: Routledge.
Munday, J. (2016). Introducing translation studies: Theories and applications. Routledge.
Nord, C. (1997). A functional typology of translations. Benjamins Translation Library, 26, 43-66.
Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary.
Palma, C. A. M., Pérez, A. V., Gamez, M. R., & Torres, L. T. M. (2018). A house a small company. International Journal of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijpse.v2n1.85
Recasens, M., Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, C., & Jurafsky, D. (2013). Linguistic models for analyzing and detecting biased language. In Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) (pp. 1650-1659).
Ruzaitė, J. (2006). Text typology in translation. A case study of menu translations. Darbai ir dienos, (45), 257-271.
Schjoldager, A. (2008). Understanding translation. Academica. (https://2u.pw/sUw11)
Shehab, E; Qadan, A & Hussein, M. (2014). Translating Contextualized Arabic Euphemisms into English: Socio-Cultural Perspective. Cross-Cultural Communication, 10.5: 184-193.
Steinbok, B. (1978). “Speciesism and the Idea of Equality”. Philosophy, 53 (204): pp. 247-256.
Stevenson, Charles. (1963). Facts and Values. Yale: Yale University Press.
Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). Get vaccinated when it is your turn and follow the local guidelines. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(3), x-xv. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n3.2938
Swales, J. (1990). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge University Press. (https://2u.pw/Hr1HC)
Thawabteh, M. A. (2014). Text Autopsy: A Sine Qua Non for Emotiveness In Arabic-English Translation
Toury, G. (2012). Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond (revised edition). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Trosborg, A. (ed.) (1997). Text Typology and Translation. John Benjamin’s Publishing Company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia. (Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. (https://2u.pw/P8UaR).
Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia.
Yulianti, N. K. D., & Yadnya, I. B. P. (2016). Figurative expressions in the short story of ‘sepotong tubuh’ and their translation into English. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 3(11), 1-7. Retrieved from https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/irjmis/article/view/388
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
