Toilet training and less fiber consumption as risk factors of constipation in preschool children
Keywords:
children, constipation, fiber, risk factor, toilet trainingAbstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for children with constipation. This research was an analytic cross-sectional study. The sampling method was cluster sampling. The research was conducted at some kindergartens in Denpasar, Bali from October to November 2019. Data were obtained based on questionnaires distributed to parents and anthropometric examinations. Constipation was defined according to The Rome IV criteria. There were 215 children included in the study and 43 (20%) children had constipation. Children who started toilet training before the age of 1.5 years or after 2 years had 2,73 times the risk of developing constipation (p = 0.019; 95% CI 1.18-6.3). Children with less fiber consumption in a day had the risk of experiencing constipation 7.25 times (p = 0.001; 95% CI 3.38-15.5). Other risk factors such as sex, physical activity, screen contact, water consumption, nutritional status, birth weight, and mother education did not statistically relate to constipation. Toilet training before the age of 1.5 years or after 2 years and low fiber consumption are risk factors for constipation in preschool children in Denpasar.
Downloads
References
Aryani, L. N. A., Ardjana, I. E., & Hanati, N. (2017). Emotion and behaviour disorders towards children of maternal depression in psychiatry polyclinic at RSUP Sanglah. International research journal of engineering, IT & scientific research, 3(2), 139-149.
Barone, J. G., Jasutkar, N., & Schneider, D. (2009). Later toilet training is associated with urge incontinence in children. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 5(6), 458-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.05.012
Castillejo, G., Bulló, M., Anguera, A., Escribano, J., & Salas-Salvadó, J. (2006). A controlled, randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the effect of a supplement of cocoa husk that is rich in dietary fiber on colonic transit in constipated pediatric patients. Pediatrics, 118(3), e641-e648.
Chassiakos, Y. L. R., Radesky, J., Christakis, D., Moreno, M. A., & Cross, C. (2016). Children and adolescents and digital media. Pediatrics, 138(5), e20162593.
Chen, S. M., Huang, J. Y., Wu, M. C., & Chen, J. Y. (2020). The Risk of Developing Constipation After Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 8, 120.
Cicero, F. R., & Pfadt, A. (2002). Investigation of a reinforcement-based toilet training procedure for children with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 23(5), 319-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-4222(02)00136-1
Cunningham, C., Taylor, H. G., Klein, N., Minich, N. M., & Hack, M. (1998). Constipation is a Problem Among Former< 750 Gram Birthweight (ELBW) Children. 569. Pediatric Research, 43(4), 100-100.
Fishman, L., Lenders, C., Fortunato, C., Noonan, C., & Nurko, S. (2004). Increased prevalence of constipation and fecal soiling in a population of obese children. The Journal of pediatrics, 145(2), 253-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.04.022
Haghighat, M., Amiri, Z., Dehghani, S. M., Safarpour, A. R., Ataollahi, M., Mani, A., ... & Rezaianzadeh, A. (2018). Investigation of demographic and clinical characteristics of children with constipation referring to the pediatric gastrointestinal clinic, Shiraz in 2014-2016. Shiraz E-Medical Journal, 19(2).
Heron, J., Grzeda, M., Tappin, D., von Gontard, A., & Joinson, C. (2018). Early childhood risk factors for constipation and soiling at school age: an observational cohort study. BMJ paediatrics open, 2(1).
Huang, R., Ho, S. Y., Lo, W. S., & Lam, T. H. (2014). Physical activity and constipation in Hong Kong adolescents. Plos one, 9(2), e90193.
Juffrie, M., Soenarto, S. S., Oswari, H., Arief, S., Rosalina, I., & Mulyani, N. S. (2010). Buku Ajar Gastroenterologi-Hepatologi Jilid 1. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit IDAI.
Kranz, S., Brauchla, M., Slavin, J. L., & Miller, K. B. (2012). What do we know about dietary fiber intake in children and health? The effects of fiber intake on constipation, obesity, and diabetes in children. Advances in nutrition, 3(1), 47-53.
Levy, E. I., Lemmens, R., Vandenplas, Y., & Devreker, T. (2017). Functional constipation in children: challenges and solutions. Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics, 8, 19.
Mota, D. M., & Barros, A. J. (2008). Toilet training: situation at 2 years of age in a birth cohort. Jornal de Pediatria, 84(5), 455-462.
Olaru, C., Diaconescu, S., Trandafir, L., Gimiga, N., Stefanescu, G., Ciubotariu, G., & Burlea, M. (2016). Some risk factors of chronic functional constipation identified in a pediatric population sample from Romania. Gastroenterology research and practice, 2016.
Park, M., Bang, Y. G., & Cho, K. Y. (2016). Risk factors for functional constipation in young children attending daycare centers. Journal of Korean medical science, 31(8), 1262-1265.
Rutter, M. (2000). Children in substitute care: Some conceptual considerations and research implications. Children and youth services review, 22(9-10), 685-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-7409(00)00116-X
Schnoll, R., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2001). Self-regulation training enhances dietary self-efficacy and dietary fiber consumption. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 101(9), 1006-1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00249-8
Slavin, J. L. (2005). Dietary fiber and body weight. Nutrition, 21(3), 411-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.08.018
Stuckyropp, R. C., & DiLorenzo, T. M. (1993). Determinants of exercise in children. Preventive medicine, 22(6), 880-889. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1993.1079
Talley, N. J., Jones, M., Nuyts, G., & Dubois, D. (2003). Risk factors for chronic constipation based on a general practice sample. The American journal of gastroenterology, 98(5), 1107-1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9270(03)00239-9
Walter, A. W., Hovenkamp, A., Devanarayana, N. M., Solanga, R., Rajindrajith, S., & Benninga, M. A. (2019). Functional constipation in infancy and early childhood: epidemiology, risk factors, and healthcare consultation. BMC pediatrics, 19(1), 285.
Wang, C., Shang, L., Zhang, Y., Tian, J., Wang, B., Yang, X., ... & Xu, Y. (2013). Impact of functional constipation on health-related quality of life in preschool children and their families in Xi’an, China. PloS one, 8(10), e77273.
Yang, J., Wang, H. P., Zhou, L., & Xu, C. F. (2012). Effect of dietary fiber on constipation: a meta analysis. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 18(48), 7378.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2020 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
