Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in quail birds (Coturnix coturnix) in Baghdad City, Iraq
Keywords:
Toxoplasma, Quail birds, Seroprevalence, Indirect ELISA IgGAbstract
Toxoplasmosis is a common zoonotic parasitic disease in humans and animals worldwide, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The study designed for detection the prevalence rate of Toxoplasmosis in quail birds (Coturnix coturnix) from different areas in Baghdad city, Iraq (Al- Ghazel souq, Al-Malhani, Al-Hurria, Al Shoula’a and quails farms in Abu-Ghraib Poultry Research Station) by indirect ELISA IgG test and determined the effects of some risk factors (sex, age, areas and months) on this rate during the period from the 1st January 2021, to 30th September 2021. One hundred and fifty sera of quails (75) hens and
(75) cocks were examined by indirect IgG Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results clarified the total infection rate was 19.33% (29/150) in quails 24% (18/75) hens and 14.66% (11/75) cocks. The higher infection rate 24% (24/100) was recorded in the age group ≤ Maturity period (35 days) ≤ Year (1-2ys), while a lower infection rate 10% (5/50) was found in the age group < Maturity period (35 days). A higher infection rate 41.17% (7/17) was recorded in September, and lower infection rate 5.88% (1/17) was recorded in July.
Downloads
References
Abbas, I.E., Villena, I. and Dubey, J.P. (2020). A review on toxoplasmosis in humans and animals from Egypt. Parasitology 147, 2:135-59.
Akhtar, M., Ahmed, A.A., Awais, M.M., Saleemi, M.K., Ashraf, K. and HiszczynskaSawicka, E. (2014). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the backyard chickens of the rural areas of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Int. J. Agricul. Biol., 16 (6): 1105–1111.
Al-abodi, H.R. J. (2017). Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Columba livia hunting pigeons of AL-Qadisiyah province. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, 16(1):136-141.
Al-Dabbagh, S. M. K. (2019). Serological detection, measurement of virulence gene expression and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and human in Baghdad city. PhD. Thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Al-doury, S.N.M., Jasim, AL. M., Abed, A.M. and Muhsen,S.N. (2018). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in human and chickens (Gallus domesticus) with histological effects on the internal chicken organs in AL-Door district, Salahdin province . Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science. Volume 12, Issue 2, Pages 8-17.
Al-Hadad, E.J.K. and Al-Rubaie, H.M.A. (2021). Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Local Breed Domestic Chickens (Gullas Gullas Domesticus) in Baghdad City, Iraq. Plant Archives. 21(1): 1281 1286.
Al-Kabi, N. Ab. M. (2016). Study the effect of Interferon-gamma in aborted ewes and women infected with toxoplasma gondii in Babylon province, M.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
Al-Khaled, M.J.A., Yakoob, A.Y. and AL-Hamadani, A.H.U. (2012). An investigation of toxoplasmosis in free-range chickens, industrial chickens and duck in mid Euphrates area of Iraq. AL-Qadisiya. J. Vet .Med. Sci., 11(2): 17-24.
Andrade, M.M., Carneiro, M., Medeiros, A.D., Andrade-Neto, V. and Vitor, R.W. (2013). Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with ovine toxoplasmosis in northeast Brazil. Parasite, 20: 20.
Armand, B., Solhjoo, K., Shabani-Kordshooli, M., Davami, M.H. and Sadeghi, M. (2016). Toxoplasma infection in sheep from south of Iran monitored by serological and molecular methods; risk assessment to meat consumers. Vet. World. Org., 9(8):850-855.
Atasever, A., Ekebas, G. and Gram, D.Y. (2020). Spontaneous toxoplasmosis in a chicken. Ankara. Üniv. Vet. Fak, Derg., 67: 101-105.
Bawm, S., Phyu, A.Z., Chel, H.M., Htun, L.L., Nakao,R. and Katakura, K. (2020). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in household cats in Myanmar and molecular identification of parasites using feline faecal oocysts. Food Waterborne Parasitol. 20: e00094.
Bisson, A.; Maley, S.; Rubaire-Akiiki, C.M. and Wastling, J.M. (2000). The seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in domestic goats in Uganda. Acta Trop.76(1):3338.
Casagrande, R.A., Pena, H.F., Cabral, A.D., Rolim, V.M., et al. (2015). Fatal systemic toxoplasmosis in Valley quail (Callipepla californica). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl; 4:264 267.
Cong, W., Chi, W.B., Sun, W.W., Shan, X.F., Kang, Y.H., Meng, Q.F and Qian, A.D. (20 17). First report of Toxoplasma gondii infection in common quails (Coturnix coturnix) intended for human consumption in three provinces of northeastern China. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 17, 351–353.
Dubey, J.P. (2001). Oocyst shedding by cats fed isolated bradyzoites and comparison of infectivity of bradyzoites of the VEG strain T. gondii to cats and mice. J. Parasitol., 87(1): 215–219.
Dubey, J.P. (2002). A review of toxoplasmosis in wild birds. Vet. Parasitol., 106: 121-153.
Dubey, J.P. (2010). Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens (Gallus domesticus) prevalence, clinical disease, diagnosis, and public health significance. Zoon. Pub.Hlth., 57(1): 60-73.
Dubey, J.P. (2010a). Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca. Raton., FL.
Dubey, J.P. and Frenkel, J.K. (1972). Cyst-induced toxoplasmosis in cats. J. Protozool.,
:155-177.Dubey, J.P. and Jones, J.L. (2008). Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States. Int. J. Parasitol., 38:1257-1278.
Dubey, J.P., Murata, F.H.A., Cerqueira-Cézar, C.K., Kwok, O.C.H.; Su, C. (2020). Epidemiologic significance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in turkeys, ducks, ratites and other wild birds: 2009–2020. Parasitology, 148, 1–30.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) (2007). Surveillance and monitoring of toxoplasma in humans, food and animals. Scientific opinion of the panel on biological hazards. EFSA J., 583: 1–64.
Feng, Y., Lu, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, L. and Yang, Y. (2016). Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in free-range chickens in Henan Province of China. BioMed Research International. 8290536.
Flegr, J., Lindova, J. and Kodym, P. (2008). Sex-dependent toxoplasnmosis-associated differences in testosterone concentration in humans. National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis. Parasitology;135, 427- 431.
Franco, P. S., Ribeiro, M., Lopes-Maria, J. B., Costa, L. F., Silva, D. A., De Freitas Barbosa, B., et al. (2014). Experimental infection of Calomys callosus with atypical strains of Toxoplasma gondii shows gender differences in severity of infection. Parasitol. Res. 113, 2655–2664. 10.1007/s00436-014-3920-y [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar].
Gamarra, J.A., Cabezon, O., Pabon, M., Arnal, M.C., Luco, D.F., Dubey, J.P., Gortazar, C. and Almeria, S. (2008). Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in roe deer from Spain .Vet. Parasitol., 153(1-2):152-156.
Gebremedhin, E. Z., Tesfamaryam, G., Yunus, H.A., Duguma, R., Tilahun, G., Marco, V.D.I. and Vitale, M. (2015). Seroepidemiology of T. gondii infection in free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) of Central Ethiopia. Epidemiology and Infection.143(3) 608-617.
Hove, T., Lind, P. and Mukaratirwa, S. (2005). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic pigs reared under different management systems in Zimbabwe. Onde. J. Vet. Res., 72: 231-237.
Hussein, A., Taher, D., Ghaly, S., Hassanien, A. and Abd-Elgaffar LGAFFAR, S. (2018). Epidemiological Study on the Role of Quails in Transmitting of T. gondii to Man. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal Article 1, 64(156): 1-7.
Khan, M.B., Khan, S., Rafiq, K., Khan, S.N., Attaullah, S. and Ali, I. (2020). Molecular identification of Toxoplasma gondii in domesticated and broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) that possibly augment the pool of human toxoplasmosis. . Plos One. Apr 22; 15(4):1-12. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232026.
Lorencova, A., Lamka, J. and Slany, M. (2015). T.gondii in wild ruminant bred in game preserves and farms with production destined for human consumption in the Czech Republic. Potravinarstvo, Sci. J. Food Ind., 9 (1): 288-292.
Mahmood, Z.U., Zahid, M., Sthanadar, A.A., Shah, M. and Hussain, A. (2014). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in (Gallus domesticus) of District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. 46(6):1705-1710.
Mikaeel, F.B. and Al-Saeed, A.T.(2020). Molecular detection and seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in free range local chickens (Gallus domesticus) in Duhok province, Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2020 (247-252).
Mohammed, A. and Abdullah, S.H. (2013). Diagnostic study of Toxoplasmosis in domestic chickens in Sulaimani province. Al-Qadisiyah. J Vet. Med. Sci. 12(2):63-9.
Mose, J.M., Kagira, J.M., Karanja, S.M., Ngotho, M., Kamau, D.M., Njuguna A.N., and Maina, N.W. (2016).. Detection of Natural Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Chicken in Thika Region of Kenya Using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction. BioMed Res Int. 1–5.
Robert, M.G., Brenier-Pinchart, M.P., Garnaud, C., Hidalgo, H.F. & Pelloux, H. (2021). Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: recent advances and a look to the future. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Volume 19, - Issue 12: 1529-1542.
Roberts, C.W., Cruickshank, S.M., Alexander, J. (1995). Sex-determined resistance to Toxoplasma gondii is associated with temporal differences in cytokine production. Infect Immun. 63(7):2549-55. DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.7.2549-2555.
Sadia, I., Azhar, M., Muhammad, I., Aneela- Zameer, D. and Abdul, R. (2012). Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in captive birds in Lahore, Pakistan. Pak. J. Zool., 44(4): 1174-1176.
SAS-Statistical Analysis System (2012).User's Guide. Statistical. Version 9.1th ed. SAS. Inst. Inc. Cary. N.C. USA.
Shaapan, R. M., EL-Nawawi, F. A., and Tawfik, M. A. A. (2008). Sensitivity and specificity of various serological tests for the detection of T.gondii infection in naturally infected sheep. Vet. Parasitol.; 153: 359-362.
Shaapan, R.M., Khalil, F.A.M. and Abu El-Ezz, N.M.T. (2011). Cryptosporidiosis and Toxoplasmosis in Native Quail of Egypt. Res. J. of Veterinary Sciences, 4 (2): 30-36.
Tasawar, Z., Aziz, F., Lashari, M.H., Shafi, S., Ahmad, M., Lal, V. and Hayat, C.S (2012). Seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Pak. J. Life Soc. Sci., 10(1): 48–52.
Tenter, A. M, Heckerroth, A. R and Weiss, L. M. (2000). Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to human. Int. J. Parasitol. 30: 1217–1258.
Tilahun, B., Tolossa, Y.H., Tilahun, G., Ashenafi, H. and Shimelis, S. (2018). Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among domestic ruminants in east Hararghe zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Vet Med Int:1-7. DOI: 10.1155/2018/4263470.
Yaowalark, S. (2017). Toxoplasma Serostatus in Thai Free-Range Chickens: Prevalence and Two Diagnostic Methods. Open J Trop Med 1(1): 018-023.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
