International journal of health sciences

Deforestation, negative aspects of health

I Wayan Suryasa — 2025-04-15

Despite the efforts made in some countries to mitigate the negative effects of deforestation on health, there are territories where this activity is not prioritized. The objective of the research is to show the health conditions that can be caused by the conversion of forests into non-arid lands where trees are cut down or burned and are not repopulated with endemic species. The bibliographic review and qualitative analysis were used as a methodology. The result was that deforestation has significant implications for human health, one of which is the appearance of infectious diseases.

Characterization and antimicrobial activity of Piper Betel L. (Betel vine) extract-biosynthesized silver nanoparticles

Dave Tristan A. Tannagan — 2025-01-10

Biosynthesis is a promising and environmentally safe technique for producing effective antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). These particles have been used for a long time to combat various bacterial strains and are regarded as an efficient method for addressing the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, Piper betel plant extract was tested as an agent for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Spectrophotometry was employed to determine the optimal extract concentration for biosynthesis while scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the size and shape of the nanoparticles. Broth microdilution was used to measure their antibacterial efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The highest yield of biosynthesized AgNPs was obtained using a 10% extract preparation. Characterization revealed that the nanoparticles ranged in size from 300-1300 nm and had a branched shape, which is known to enhance antimicrobial effectiveness due to the sharp edges. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA was determined to be 19.53 μg/mL, while the mean minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 21.0 μg/mL. Piper betel extract is an effective agent for the biosynthesis of AgNPs.

Effectiveness of integrated approach of emotional first aid and life skills training on psychological distress among adolescent students

Sharanya Sharanya — 2025-01-11

Our country is recently known as the most populated country on the planet, and this only adds to the already neglected mental health epidemic of “Depression” and “Psychological Distress”. Psychological distress is a state of suffering that happens emotionally when a person feels completely devoid of emotions and lacks complete interest in previously pleasurable activities. This research paper focuses on how life skills training and emotional first aid can help address distress and emotional stressors daily. The experiment aims to provide training on emotional first aid and life skills to students, thereby reducing the levels of psychological distress among students. For this, a sample of 350 students was taken and further divided into experimental and control groups of 60 each. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was used to determine the levels of psychological distress, here correlation method was used to test the effectiveness of variables. The results of the study indicated that Life skills training and psychological distress training have reduced the levels of Psychological distress among adolescent students. There was a significant impact of the integrated approach of life skills training and emotional first aid on psychological distress.

Factor analysis of research culture: A comparative study of 3-point and 5-point Likert Scales

April M. Obon — 2025-01-12

Understanding factors that foster a strong research culture requires a reliable measurement tool. The 3-point and 5-point Likert scales are widely used in surveys to gauge attitudes. However, the choice between these scales may influence data quality, reliability, and interpretation, potentially affecting the actor's analysis. Despite its widespread use, there is limited research comparing the scales’ dimensionality, model fit, and validity in contributing to research culture assessments. Thus, the study aims to compare the effectiveness of 3-point and 5-point Likert scales using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). This descriptive-comparative study was conducted among 1,139 allied health students in selected sectarian institutions in the Philippines, using purposive and random sampling techniques. The respondents completed a self-constructed research culture questionnaire. Data analysis using SPSS and AMOS confirmed three factors: motivation, attitude, and competence in research with CFA indicating a good fit. But the 5-point Likert scale has better reliability and validity results; it showed higher composite reliability, better average variance extracted (AVE) coefficients, and better construct validity using the Fornell-Larcker criterion, while the 3-point has a better fit using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC).

Knowledge, attitude, and preventive measures of common people about chronic kidney diseases in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

Nusrat Mustary Liza — 2025-01-19

Bangladesh is one of the most populated countries in the globe. The yearly budget for the people of this country is not satisfactory in the health and education sector. Among the chronic diseases chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the major issue for the common people. CKD is defined as a persistent abnormality in kidney structure or function (e.g., glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m² or albuminuria ≥30 mg per 24 hours) for more than 3 months. CKD affects 8% to 16% of the population worldwide. In 2017, CKD resulted in 1.2 million deaths and was the 12th leading cause of death worldwide. However, by taking adequate preventive measures, CKD can be prevented for which proper knowledge about the disease is necessary. This study was carried out to gather information about the knowledge and attitude regarding CKD among the common people of Dhaka city. It is a cross-sectional type of descriptive study conducted for 10 months from March to December 2022 taking responses from 405 correspondents conveniently. Data was collected by a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. The collected data was computed and analyzed.

Effectiveness of simvastatin with antibiotics compared to other material on clinical and radiographic outcomes following non-surgical endodontic treatment

Maryam R Altuhafy — 2025-01-22

Postoperative endodontics complications can influence the patient's quality of life. One method of lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) therapy combines simvastatin with metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline, which are used for primary teeth. This review assesses the clinical and radiographic effects of combining simvastatin with antibiotics compared with other materials on pediatric patients. The study protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with registration number CRD42024552895. The following electronic databases were utilized to search Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs): MEDLINE(PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and OVID up to and including July 2024. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to evaluate the potential for bias in randomized clinical studies. In the initial search through electronic databases and registers, 1368,764 studies were found, and 8 RCTs met the eligibility criteria. Six out of 8 studies showed that combining simvastatin with antibiotics was effective clinically and radiographically following non-surgical endodontic treatment compared to other treatment modalities. This review suggests that combining simvastatin with antibiotics may be effective clinically and radiographically following non-surgical endodontic treatment. However, further studies are needed to confirm the potential of that combination in non-surgical endodontic management.

The journey of the avian influenza virus H5N1 through 30 years of evolutionary events, geographical locations, and animal species

Birgit M. Pruess — 2025-01-22

Influenza viruses have caused outbreaks and pandemics throughout human history and have until Covid-19 been considered the group of viruses with the largest potential for pandemics. Avian influenza viruses cause zoonotic diseases, including birds, mammals, and humans. This review focuses on H5N1 because it is highly pathogenic and generated the most common clades among the current ones (e.g. 2.3.4.4). Since the first goose that was infected in Guangdong, China by A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) in 1996, H5N1 has undergone many events of reassortment with other influenza viruses and accumulated many amino acid substitutions on the 10 proteins that are encoded by the H5N1 genome. The review will follow H5N1 through examples of such evolutionary events that permitted the virus to spread across the world, as well as through many animal species. Hallmark mutations that permit or prevent the selective binding to receptors on bird or mammal host cells will be identified. The journey through the NorthAtlantic fly way from Europe to North and South America, culminating in the first reported death from H5N1 in the United States will be explained. The review concludes with the current state of vaccines and anti-virals and an assessment by the author of the current situation.

Thriving not surviving: A thriving nursing student concept analysis

Laura Skoronski Chavez — 2025-01-24

Aims: The primary aim of this review was to complete an analysis of a thriving nursing student with a goal of producing a new definition instead of a successful nursing student. Design: A concept analysis design was used. Data sources: A literature review was completed using CINHAL, PubMed databases, and grey literature. Search terms included (nursing student success OR thriving) AND (student success or academic achievement or academic performance or academic success or student retention) AND (nursing education AND success OR thriving) AND (college student success OR thriving). Review Methods: A combination of Walker & Avant and Chinn & Kramer systematic concept analysis approaches were used. Results: 57 articles met inclusion criteria. Of those 57 articles, 29 were included in this review. Three defining attributes were identified: academic success, clinical success, and psychological well-being. The antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents are also highlighted and discussed. Conclusions: The current definition of success proves to be inadequate for nursing students. The concept of a thriving nursing student can help educators identify those at-risk early, is adaptable and appropriate as students traverse the transition of a nursing program, and includes a focus on mental health and well-being instead of simply academic achievements.

Frequency and risk factors associated with Low Birth Weight (LBW) at Bandung Regional General Hospital Indonesia

Aghnia Purnama Putri — 2025-01-22

Low birth weight (LBW) was the highest contributor to the infant mortality rate at 52.4% in Bandung, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of LBW and associated risk factors. This study used a retrospective cross-sectional approach to identify 233 newborns with low birth weight from January to December 2022. The dependent (LBW) and independent variables (risk factors) were analyzed with a chi-square and Multivariate logistic regression test. The results in the bivariate analysis of this study were LBW was associated with preeclampsia (p = 0.001), gestational age (p = 0.000), premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) (p = 0.000), oligohydramnios (p = 0.019), multiple pregnancy (p = 0.000), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (p = 0.000). In multivariate analysis, LBW was associated with preeclampsia (p = 0.040 OR 1.806 CI 95% 1.028-3.173), gestational age (p = 0.000 OR 18.365 CI 95% 12.272-27.484), PROM (p = 0.007 OR 0.514 CI 95% 0.317-0.832), multiple pregnancy (p = 0.000 OR 4.934 CI 95% 2.246-10.841), and IUGR (p = 0.000 OR 0.043 CI 95% 0.018-0.107). Meanwhile, oligohydramnios was not associated with LBW (p = 0.099 OR 2.004 CI 95% 0.018-0.107).

Content analysis of biology book for the fourth scientific grade according to the levels of depth of knowledge

Mohamed Abdullah — 2025-01-28

The research aimed to analyze the content of the biology book for 4th scientific grade in high school according to the levels of (DOK), to know the extent of the availability of indicators of these levels in the scientific content of the book, which would achieve a deep understanding of students in biological concepts and develop strategic and extended thinking in solving scientific problems in a sustainable style. The researchers used a descriptive-analytical approach, and the content of the biology book represented the research community. The sample was made up of the first six chapters. The research tool was built and included (22) indicators and was presented to several arbitrators in teaching methods to verify the validity of the tool. researchers analyzed the content of the biology book, depending on the explicit and implicit idea as a unit of recording, and the Holsti formula was used to calculate the reliability of the analysis. The results showed that the biology book does not contain all indicators, and the levels appeared to vary. level (Recall and reproduction) obtained (63.49%), level (Skills and concepts) obtained (19.07%), level (Strategic thinking) obtained (8.84%), and level (Extended thinking) obtained (8.60%), accordingly the researchers presented several recommendations.

Strategy of Indonesian advertising industry in designing advertisements in the digital media era

Dian Marhaeni Kurdaningsih — 2025-02-05

Technological advances and changes in media as well as changes in viewing behavior in the digital era have implications for changes in the management of the advertising industry, especially in designing advertisements. In the conventional era, advertising only serves limited media, television, radio, print media, and outdoors. Ad messaging is designed simply because it involves only one platform. The nature of the relationship between media and consumers goes one way. In the era of digital media, advertising service platforms are very diverse. This study aims to understand how advertising industry players as advertising design designers create new advertising strategies in the digital era. The qualitative research method involved 5 informants from advertising industry players in Indonesia, namely advertising industry leaders at the central and regional levels, the general chairman of the Central Indonesian Advertising Company and the Chairman of the Central Java branch of the Advertising Industry as well as practitioners in the creative field of the advertising industry. The study results show that the advertising industry's strategy in answering the challenge of media technology dynamism involves creating new designs on all elements, including human resources, skills to master technology, device preparation, and digital skills.

Association between enteral nutrition and the incidence of pneumonia in critical care adults: A literature review

Ahmed O. Alenazi — 2025-02-07

Background: To investigate the association between enteral feeding and the risk of pneumonia in critical care adult patients. Methods: An updated literature review of studies discussing between 2016 and 2023. CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were used to explore studies regarding our subject, and the association between enteral feeding and the risk of pneumonia in critical care adults. Results: Enteral nutrition (EN) has been linked to a significant reduction in pneumonia, as well as shorter ICU or hospital stays, and decreased mechanical ventilation duration in numerous studies. Conversely, pneumonia risk and other infections, as well as the fatality rate, have been found to increase with EN. Early initiation of EN within 48 hours, along with a low-calorie diet containing (< 600 Kcal/day) demonstrated a notable decrease in the occurrence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) when contrasted with delayed EN and a high-calorie diet. EN was associated with a marked decrease in adverse events including aspiration pneumonia, emesis, and the escalation of respiratory support. Conclusion: EN is safe and effective in critically ill patients. Future research should investigate the monitoring of larger sample sizes to ascertain the most effective feeding methods in the intensive care unit.

Knowledge, attitude and practice about sexually transmitted disease among young adults

Shah Margiben Shaileshbhai — 2025-02-11

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a significant public health issue, particularly among young adults. Despite efforts to promote awareness, knowledge gaps persist, leading to risky behaviors. Aims: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding STDs among young adults and to identify areas for targeted interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study conducted at Parul University, involving 300 participants aged 18-30 from medical and non-medical backgrounds. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire assessing knowledge of STDs, attitudes toward sexual health, and preventive practices. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and correlation analysis assessed the relationships between variables. Results: The study revealed that 84.7% of participants were aware of common STDs like HIV/AIDS, but only 59.3% could identify specific symptoms. A significant portion (24.7%) expressed discomfort in discussing STDs, indicating persisting stigma. Conclusion: There are clear knowledge gaps and stigma-related barriers among young adults regarding STDs. Enhanced sexual health education is necessary to address these issues and promote safer sexual practices.

Relationship and perceptions of women with humanized childbirth and obstetric violence in Ecuador

Alexandra Vallejos — 2025-02-13

This study explores the perceptions and experiences of women in Ecuador regarding humanized childbirth and obstetric violence. This article systematizes a case study conducted in the Organization of Anteña Women (OMA) in the canton of Antonio Ante, in the province of Imbabura, through qualitative ethnographic research. In-depth interviews were conducted with women who experienced different childbirth experiences. As a result, various levels of knowledge about humanized childbirth were identified. Some women understood the cultural and autonomy aspects well, while others were unaware of the concept, which can negatively impact their childbirth experience. It was observed that mothers access information through formal sources, such as courses and talks in health centers. Additionally, the presence of a companion during childbirth was considered an essential component of humanized childbirth. Most interviewees positively valued effective communication and respectful treatment by healthcare personnel. However, aspects for improvement were detected, such as the need for training healthcare personnel to ensure respect for mothers' decisions, clear communication, and continuous emotional support. The results reveal that, although there are advances in the implementation of humanized childbirth, practices of obstetric violence persist, negatively affecting women's experiences.

Recreation methods and self-reported accidents or injuries, their period of recovery among garment factory (Desi Arts) workers located in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Purva Shoor — 2025-02-15

58 workers in a garment factory volunteered to take part in a cross-sectional survey, using a Google form after consent. One-way ANOVA was used as a statistical tool to analyze the relation between the impact of recreation methods on injury and accident incidents in the past year as well as their recovery time (resuming work). There were 22.4% female workers. Maximum workers were in the age group of 21-30 years. 41.4% were permanently residing in the vicinity and the majority (55.2%) were Muslims, 51.7% belonged to Rajasthan, India. The prevalence of self-reported accidents and injuries at and outside work was 9 episodes,15.52%. Maximum workers spent 6-8 hours in their occupation. 63.8% lived with their family. The majority were married. Maximum could pass time on phone, followed by sleeping (other than night sleep) for recreation. Cooking having meals together, and early morning walks were also highly practiced for recreation. Discussions with friends and family and outings with family were significantly associated with recovery. Higher salary and marriage were inversely associated with accidents, injuries, and periods of recovery.

E-Health implementation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Current position

Kalema Josue Djamba — 2025-02-21

E-health holds significant potential to address healthcare challenges in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a nation grappling with limited resources, vast geographical distances, and a fragile health system. This paper examines the current state of e-health implementation in the DRC, exploring existing initiatives, key achievements, and persistent obstacles. While nascent, e-health adoption is gaining momentum, driven by factors like increasing mobile phone penetration and government recognition of its potential. Successful projects include mHealth programs for disease surveillance, maternal health, and HIV/AIDS management, demonstrating positive impacts on data collection, patient follow-up, and health outcomes. However, significant challenges remain. These include inadequate infrastructure, particularly reliable internet access and electricity, limited funding, a shortage of skilled human resources in ICT and health informatics, and issues of interoperability between different systems. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks and national e-health strategies are still under development, hindering coordinated and sustainable implementation. This paper concludes by highlighting the need for strategic investments in infrastructure, capacity building, and policy development to unlock the full potential of e-health and improve healthcare delivery in the DRC.

Psychiatric intervention and quality of life in patient with cancer-related pain in stage IIIB cervical cancer

Ni Wayan Pradiumnati Pritiariesti — 2025-02-21

Cancer patients often experience psychological stress, which can lead to depression, especially when they use unhealthy coping strategies. The stress from a cancer diagnosis, treatment challenges, physical symptoms like pain and bleeding, and lack of family support increase the risk of depression, lowering the patient's quality of life. A 56-year-old woman came to Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar with lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Her condition worsened after hospitalization, particularly when her husband decided to terminate her treatment. She developed symptoms of depression and was referred to a psychiatrist. She received both medication and therapies like supportive psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and counseling for her husband through a couple-based intervention. A cancer diagnosis often causes psychological stress, which can be managed with healthy coping mechanisms. However, unhealthy coping can lead to depression. Family support is crucial in protecting against this. Psychological screening and treatments, such as SSRI, can help improve a patient's quality of life. Patients with advanced cervical cancer are at high risk of depression due to physical symptoms like pain. Proper screening and treatment are necessary to improve their quality of life.

Modeling and forecasting emergency department crowding using SARIMA, Holt Winter method, and Prophet models

Mansoor AL Yarubi — 2025-02-24

Emergency department (ED) crowding in health care is linked with longer wait times, high mortality rates, and low healthcare quality. Univariate time series models such as Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), Holt-Winters method (HW), and Prophet model (PM) have been widely employed to predict ED crowding. However, there is no consensus on the best fit time series model for ED crowding forecasting. This study compared the predictive precision of three univariate time series models, SARIMA, HW, and PM, in predicting ED crowding at Nizwa Hospital in Oman. The study used hourly patient visits at ED from January to December 2023. The model selection was based on minimizing Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). ED visits showed irregular trends and seasonal effects due to time and day of the week effects. The 24-hour ED visits depicted two peak phases: noon (local maximum) and around 10 PM to midnight (global maximum). The prophet model had better accuracy than the SARIMA and HW models. Adopting the Prophet model predictions can help avoid unexpected ED crowding, reduce waiting times, and improve quality health care management.

The experience of nurses worked at the COVID-19 unit in intermediate Hospital Oshakati, Oshana Region, Namibia

Lydia K. David — 2025-02-26

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is the world’s most significant public health emergency. Nurses, essential members of the COVID-19 patient care team, are facing the majority of the problems brought on by the disease. To enhance the quality of care provided to COVID-19 patients, this study explored the experience of nurses who worked at the COVID-19 unit in Intermediate Hospital Oshakati, Oshana Region, Namibia. The study employed an exploratory and descriptive research design with a qualitative approach to the population of thirty-five nurses who worked at the COVID-19 unit in Intermediate Hospital Oshakati during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purposive sampling was used to select eight participants for data saturation. A semi-structured interview was used for data collection, and a tape recorder was utilized to capture the data. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis using the six steps proposed by Creswell (2014). Findings were presented in themes and subthemes for better comprehension. Ethical considerations were observed, such as approval, the principle of justice, confidentiality, privacy, beneficence, and non-maleficence.

Effect of Surya Sakthi on fatigue, stress and balance among third year BDS students

S Srudhika — 2025-02-26

The word Surya refers to the Sun, the powerhouse of our planet. All life on the earth is solar-powered, including humanity. Surya Shakti is the technique of using that energy to strengthen your physical and mental well-being. This study aims to assess the effect of Surya Sakthi on factors affecting our daily lives, such as fatique, stress, and balance. A total of 10 students of 3rd-year BDS were surveyed using 16 questionnaires to assess parameters like Stress, Fatigue, Sleep and Balance. These scores were collected at different time intervals- Baseline values(before Yoga) and at the end of 1 month(after Yoga). The average values were assessed between baseline values and 1-month intervals to observe the difference in different parameters focused on this study. From the study, we can infer that the one-month average of the questionnaires attempted by the students post-exposure and everyday practice of Surya Sakthi are significantly higher than that of the baseline values before exposure to Surya Sakthi. The study concludes that Surya Sakthi has a positive effect on improving an individual's mental and physical well-being of an individual, especially in improving the quality of sleep, coping with stress and fatique and hence improving the balance of life.

The role of physical rehabilitation in thoracic fracture patients with comorbid major depressive episodes

Dedi Silakarma — 2025-03-16

Isolated rib fractures are a non-trivial trauma burden associated with functional impairment and chronic pain. Distraction fractures of the VII-IX thoracic spine are one of the injuries that occur in the middle of the thoracic spine. Some common symptoms that occur are sharp or dull pain in the middle back between the shoulder blades and waist, limited movement, especially stiffness when bending or twisting the body, and respiratory distress. From the case of an 18-year-old male patient, a student, who came to the medical rehabilitation polyclinic in a wheelchair with his mother. The position of both legs is bent. His current physical condition is due to an accident. The patient experienced severe depression with symptoms of feeling sad, feeling weak, even though he had eaten enough, and losing interest in things that made the patient happy before. Physical Rehabilitation Therapy includes mobility exercise, occupational therapy 1 time a week: stimulation and facilitation of hand function, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) gradually. Combination of therapy with Psychiatry in the form of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Multidisciplinary treatment, especially structured physical rehabilitation programs, psychiatry, and other fields, can improve symptoms of pain, and other symptoms, and symptoms of depression.

Leadership style, organizational culture, and high reliability organization practices among nurse leaders in a selected healthcare facility in the middle east: Basis for a program

Aloyseus Harry Benito Marayag — 2025-04-01

This quantitative descriptive-correlational study determined the relationship between leadership styles, organizational culture, and High Reliability Organization Practices (HRO) among 215 nurse leaders. It also sought the differences when geographical distinctiveness, job classification, and number of years in leadership role were considered. Results revealed a “very high” prevalence of participative and “high” prevalence of authoritative and delegative styles. Organizational culture was “highly” practiced, and HRO practices were rated “very high”—a significant relationship between leadership style, organizational culture, and HRO practices. Moreover, a considerable difference in authoritative style emerged when geographical distinctiveness is considered. Leadership styles varied by job classification and number of years in a leadership role. Differences in achieving goals were observed based on geographical distinctiveness. Managing change and achieving goals differed significantly by job classification and years in a leadership role. However, HRO practices did not significantly differ by geographical distinctiveness. Self-efficacy varied across job classifications, but organizational risk response did not. Additionally, managing change and achieving goals differed by leadership tenure, while teamwork coordination did not. These results support the importance of company culture and leadership in promoting HRO practices.

Profile of antibiotics prescription pattern and their outcome in patients during COVID-19 treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Ibukun Jacob Akinkunmi — 2025-04-09

This study evaluated antibiotic prescription patterns and treatment outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at the Centre for Communicable Diseases, Control, and Research, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria, during the first and second waves of the pandemic. A retrospective review of 122 patient records examined demographic data, antibiotic use, dose regimen, hospitalization length, and comorbidities. The study aimed to determine antibiotic prescription patterns and treatment outcomes (primary outcomes) and identify factors predicting patient recovery (secondary outcomes). Chi-square analysis and Fisher's test were utilized to obtain the primary outcomes, and the secondary outcome was derived using regression analysis. A total of 299 antibiotics from ten classes were prescribed, with 98.4% of patients receiving azithromycin and penicillin/macrolides. Among the patients, 40 completed treatments at home, 53 had comorbidities, 19 died, and 100 recovered. Poor treatment outcomes were linked to older age, comorbidities, and multiple antibiotic combinations, while gender, hospitalization length, and antibiotic type did not significantly impact recovery. No significant differences were found in antibiotic prescriptions between patients with and without bacterial co-infections. These findings highlight the role of compromised immunity in poor outcomes and underscore the importance of evidence-based antibiotic use during outbreaks to enhance patient management and curb antimicrobial resistance.