Build Recommendations Nitrogen Fertilization with the Development of the Period of Durian Crop Replanting

The growing period of fruit crops requires nutrients for growth and development; this is very important in the physiology of fruit crops. Durian plants in determining the fruit harvest are largely determined by the process of growth development in plants. Leaf budding age is the main factor determining nutrient nutrients status in durian plants (Durio zibethinus Murr.). Durian plants require sufficient nutrients to obtain growth and fruit harvest; leaf analysis can be used as a guide in diagnosing nutrient status and fertilizer recommendations on durian plants. However, standard leaf sampling techniques should be accurately determined. The purpose of this research is to study and to know the proper dosage of fertilizer for durian plants associated with vegetative growth phase of leaf buds after fruit harvest the study was conducted in three locations: Sudaji Village, Munduk Bestala Village, and Sinabun Village, Buleleng Regency, March-November 2016. The leaves in the proper period of use are used as guidelines for fertilization when leaves have the best correlation relationship with period development vegetative plants. Leaf samples are taken periodically after the fruit harvest durian plants. Starting the early shoot period until the dormant buds period, the results showed that the nutrient concentration of nitrogen in leaves decreased with the age of leaf buds, the concentration on the initial leaf buds was higher than the full leaf buds.


Introduction
Specifically, N, P, and K fertilizers are one of the most vital production facilities in supporting the increase of fruit production especially citrus fruits. The plant is highly responsive to the macro element, but its efficiency and effectiveness depend on local location. Given the durian fruit that produces a seasonal (biennial bearing) where the season is fruitful plants require optimal nutrition for the needs produce. Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) is a fruit that has a distinctive flavor and aroma that is popular with almost everyone. The sweet and fragrant fruits with the color of the flesh are not only white, yellow, orange and rich in calories, vitamins, fats, and proteins, but also the stem can be used as building materials (Purnomosidhi, 2007). The fulfillment of durian requirement is still difficult; this is due to lack of knowledge about the optimal mineral nutrition for the growth and production of fruit crops adequacy its need to increase the quantity, quality, and health of plants (Poerwanto, 2002) and uneven harvest (seasonal). September to October is the development of vegetative phase of durian plants (Stuckens et al., 2011). Among the important nutrients needed by fruit plants in the development and growth process include macro fertilizers such as; nitrogen N), phosphor (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (Mg). Each has different roles according to the type of fertilizer, such as nitrogen has a role in stimulating the growth of the plant as a whole. Serves in synthesizing chlorophyll, amino acids, and proteins in plants. Phosphates play a role in transporting metabolic results in plants such as flowering, fertilizing and stimulate seed formation and stimulating division and enlarging cells in plants. Magnesium elements play a role in enzyme transformation, also a core component in chlorophyll formation. Potassium plays a role in the process of photosynthesis, transport of assimilation, enzymes and including mineral water (Poerwanto, 2002). Fertilization efficiency in durian crops not only plays an important role in increasing farmer's income, but also related to the sustainable production system (Sustainable production), environmental sustainability, and saving of limited national energy resources. Locationspecific on orange plant area can be interpreted as a terrain that has a conductivity and land management as well as the application of technology that is similar and in one system. Based on that it is estimated that technological inputs, especially fertilizers, are also similar. One of the most effective tools can be used as an early reference in estimating optimal fertilizer requirement is a nutrient status map for N, P, and K fertilizers and where the land is overgrown by plants (Setiawan et al., 2006). Recommendations for appropriate nutrient delivery are expected to increase optimal production growth. Although the cost of nutrient analysis is high enough, it can be covered by increased yield and fruit quality and avoid waste of excess fertilizer. Furthermore, the addition of fertilizer is only given according to the needs of the plant, beyond the ability of the soil to provide. This is related to research conducted by Reddy (2014) on mango plants, to perform fertilization needs to be done a nutrient analysis. Nutrient analysis is a means of fertilizer management so that in the application of fertilizer on plants can be precise and efficient. From the management of fertilization through leaf analysis there are two ways that can be done are: soil analysis and analysis finger leaf plant. Soil analysis and leaf tissue analysis are tools that can be used to diagnose soil fertility status and recommend fertilization (Poerwanto, 2002 Indonesia also imports durian from Thailand which in 1997 the  amount of durian import reached 756.856kg with the value of 1086,185 US dollars, while its exports  reached 695,614 kg with the value of 642,882 US dollars. Thus durian imports reached 69% greater than  its exports (BPS, 2010). Durian fruit is one kind of tropical fruit that is very popular in our society. Indonesia is one of the countries with great opportunity to become producer and exporter of durian. Durian fruit is also a tropical specific plant that has high economic value for farmers' income, foreign exchange, and agribusiness needs. Although durian prospect is very good in the market, durian cultivation is still not paid attention in Leiwakabessy (2004). Durian cultivation has not been adequately considered this can be caused because of problems that arise. In Indonesia, durian garden management professionally and commercially is one of the new. Many obstacles need to be solved. Among the fulfillment of proper nutrition, suitable location, and cultivars that can live in the place. The low production of durian in Indonesia is caused by the existence of fertilization activities conducted by farmers. It is not efficiently and precisely, meaning that at the time of growth need to know how the optimum dose required, the nature or type of fertilizer, the location where the plant grows and when to apply it required by plants adapted to the development of the physiological period in the durian plant, soil type, and microclimate. This is one of the phenomena that is often ignored in the field by farmers. Based on the problems faced by farmers. In general, durian plants that have been producing now are old plants that are: more than fifteen years, and the plants are rarely fertilized, sometimes fertilized only using chicken manure. Although from some very limited research results are known until now the recommendation for citrus fertilization is not yet available completely. In Indonesia, durian crops are largely not mass cultivated, only as plants in yards and gardens on a small scale and seeds derived from seeds, causing production with high variability and low productivity, thus not being able to meet consumer demand both domestically and abroad Sukma and Harisudin, (2012). Though, Indonesia has the excellent natural potential for the development of durian plants, where climate and soil conditions that support the growth of durian plants. Through this research can be obtained meaning interstation, namely whether the nutrient content of N, P and K in the leaf is very low status, low, medium, high, very high. So that only the plants with low nutrient content that need to be given the application of fertilization. So with known the state the benefits of this study used as a guide tool in preparing recommendations for fertilizer needs for citrus crops. The availability of fertilizer recommendations based on the results of the analysis on leaf tissue and by the needs of citrus crops for the continuity, quality, and health of plants, also facilitate for farmers in the proper and effective fertilization.

Research Method
Place and tie the research was conducted in Buleleng Regency in three locations, namely in Sudaji, Munduk Bastala, Sinabun area starting from January December 2016.

Materials and Tools
Durian plants studied are ten years old, as many as 20 crops from farmland area of three farmer groups each location Durian plants have been maintained in accordance with the way of farmer cultivation, which is in accordance with the actual conditions in the field. Farmer cultivation mode is cultivated with organic fertilizer and irrigation only from rainfall. Routine maintenance is only in the form of, eradication of fungal disease on the citrus bark of citrus plant by using Alika disease. With 1-2 ml/liter of water and for pest prevention usually used Syngenta with dose 0,2 -0,4 ml/liter of water, cleaning weeds around the trees, and pruning of twigs that have dried up, twigs are burned and then buried. The nutrient nutrients analysis of N, P, and K fertilizers were carried out at Warmadewa University Laboratory and for soil analysis, while for nutritional analysis in Udayana University, Denpasar.

Research Procedure
Implementation was carried out in the field on durian plants of 20 plants taken randomly from plants used as research from the location used where the research location. Leaf picking starts from 2 months after harvest, then continued by the period of plant development, the period after the fruit harvest (before induction), the induction of flowers, flowers bloom and pentil fruit form. For leaf tissue analysis carried out in Udayana University Faculty of Agriculture Laboratory. For soil analysis, we take three points of observation location with 20 cm from the topsoil. It is then analyzed at Laboratory of Agricultural Faculty of Warmadewa University, Analysis of the N, P and K concentrations of the leaves, which was started by cleaning with tissue, and dried by the oven at 70 ° C; the leaves were then blended and sieved with 0.5 mm sieve. The leaves were analyzed N nutrient concentrations. The total determination of Kjeldtec N using Kjeldtec (Appendix 1) (Tisdale et al., 1992). Chemical analysis was conducted based on the Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University, Denpasar Analysis of soil nutrient concentration, taken from the surrounding area around durian roots at 0-30 and 30-50cm depth. The soil is drained and sieved with a 2 mm sieve to have the same relative size. Then the soil is analyzed soil chemical properties include: pH, KTK element Nitrogen Determination of Nitrogen procedures and analysis the same as with leaf tissue analysis of durian.
From the observation to the three locations analyzed by analysis. If there is a real effect, followed by DMRT (Duncan News Multiple Range Test) tests at 5% level. To calculate the relation between Nitrogen leaf content at each age (X), with relative production (% Y) was analyzed by simple linear correlation using the following formula: content will experience a decline, it is because fertilizer nitrogen is stable and is required as the fundamental building blocks of many important substances in the plant between; aim molecule chlorophyll amino acids, enzymes, coenzyme, vitamins, and hormones (Poerwanto, 2003 (1979) showed that for ten months observation of nitrogen concentration decreased between 28-72% during the period of the vegetative growth phase of mangosteen. Plants need proper care in their growth and development. One of the efforts to improve the productivity and quality of fruit is nutrient in plants. Inorganic fertilizers are widely available in the market to facilitate farmers in the fulfillment of nutrient elements. There are a variety of inorganic fertilizers according to their shape and content. Each inorganic fertilizer has an appropriate amount of nutrient content. One kind of inorganic fertilizer is NPK fertilizer containing nutrient nitrogen; plants much need phosphorus and potassium. NPK fertilizer has more nutrient content than single fertilizer. This fertilizer serves to accelerate the development of seeds. NPK fertilizers began to be given to plants at the beginning of vegetative growth (Novizan, 2002). Inorganic fertilization dose no specific benchmark. Due to the different types and soil fertility levels, the dosage of fertilization is different. Giving the right amount of fertilizer at the beginning of vegetative growth can affect the growth of the next durian. Farmers give inorganic fertilizer to newly planted durian seedlings Leaf repopulation in fruit plants is divided into four periods of leaf repayment as in Siam citrus (Sulistiawati et al, 2016). The nitrogen content of the mangosteen weeds shows a significant difference in leaf nitrate nutrient concentrations from the three locations of perennial periods in plants between early budding developments, full buds, adult shoots and dormant buds. A very noticeable difference is the comparison between the early bud with the dormant bud. The concentration of each location of the observation is different, but between the location of Buleleng does not look that difference so meaning, At the time of the leaf is still young, the leaves do a large activity and require nutrition supply as well as more organic material in the early formation of leaf shoots on the plant durian. Based on leaf nitrogen correlation analysis with shoot development during one period of growth after harvest on durian crops showed. There was a high association relationship between development of buddy with correlation coefficient 0,85 ** for early repayment, while 0,67 * for satisfaction, 0,31. For adult degradation and degradation for dormant is 0,21 for a research area of Sudaji area. For munduk bastala area at initial repayment 0,83, full queue 0,66 *, adult queue 0,33 and dormant equal to 0,25. As for the location of research in Sinabun area initial repayment 0.84 **, full repayment 0.67 *, adult queens 0.32 and dormant 0.22 (Table 1.). There is a very close relationship between leaf buds concentration and the period of budding development that is the initial short period, the full shoot period, the adult shoot period and the dormant shoot period. For durian coming from the Buleleng sponge in the initial splash, the highest correlation value is 0.85, but it is sufficient meaning between leaf concentration with 0.52 correlation coefficient on dormant shoot period.
The relationship of soil chemical analysis showed that the concentration of nitrogen fertilizer concentration. The three research sites showed that the nitrogen content from low to very low levels of 0.0.13 to 0.07 (%) was very low to low. According to the reference set by the research center land (2016) Warmadewa University Table 2, Soil nitrogen content decreases with increasing depth of soil; the same thing happened in three research sites. This opinion is corresponding with that revealed by Lestari (2003) that the more in the soil sampling, the more down the nitrogen concentration. It is caused by the high organic material that exists on the top soil layer in the three regions. According to Sulaiman (2002) the size of the correlation is as follows: 0.70 -1 good (+ (plus) or -(mines) indicates a high degree of association Correlation value 0.40-0.70 (either + (plus) or -(mines) indicates a substantial relationship. Whereas 0,0 -0,20 (either + (plus) or -(mines) means the correlation is negligible. Nutrient, N, P, and K leaf concentration at age with high correlation value will be determined as the leaves of the sample for citrus plants; then on the calibration test activities, only those leaves are used. Research location in Buleleng area which has the highest acidity at depth 0-30 cm, it is necessary to take calcification action. The pH range at the three sites ranges from research, and the nitrogen content will decrease with deeper soil taking to a depth of 50 cm. For soil sampling in the framework of soil analysis to perform fertilizer efficiency at planting should be taken at a depth of 30 cm. Of the three sites used as research sites for the pH range belonging to the three regions of durian production centers were 4.87 to 3.21. It means that the three research areas are very acidic to acid, so it needs to be given calcification action. The more so in the soil sampling, from the third location research the degree of acidity is very acid to acid. The low degree of acidity in the three locations of bias due to the washing of soil at the study site due to the presence of high rainfall during the rainy season. If linked from the results of soil analysis performed it contains nutrient content such as Mg, Ca, and K are very low in the three research sites. Given the differences in nitrogen content, KTK, and soil pH at the three research sites, it also causes the effect of nutrient uptake on plants. The result of soil analysis and leaf analysis on the development of the peak period at the location of Buleleng area of soil nitrogen content is highest. Whereas in the bud shoot period the crew and the full shoot of the highest nitrogen content this is due to the high content of organic material in the upper layer and decreased with increasing the depth of the soil.  The closeness of the relationship between the nutrient content of nitrogen and leaf tissue analysis with nutrient content of nitrogen in the soil in the development of the period of prepayment in durian plants seen have a very associated association. The correlation coefficient of leaf concentration in early reproduction with the concentration of nitrogen nutrients in soil was r = 0.82, while the soil correlation coefficient was r = 0.80. The Nutrient leaf concentration positively correlated with the development of the reproductive period on the durian crop. Seen from the development of physiology of the younger reproduction of leaf buds the higher the nitrogen content, so also from the analysis of the soil in the soil acquisition of the nutritional value contained less and acidity of the soil increasingly acid, so it needs liming. This situation in line with the opinion Poerwanto (2002) which in general on the growth of fruit plants are divided into three, namely vegetative growth starting from the end of harvest until the initiation of flowering, initiation of flowers, and filling of fruit. At the time of vegetative growth, it takes all the nutrients provided in a balanced state including the provision of organic materials to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, and calcium for the pH stabilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer (N) is done every year or at the beginning and end of the rainy season so that the availability of nutrients in the soil is maintained to meet the needs of Hanif at al. (2013).

Conclusion
1. Nitrogen fertilizer concentration existing in leaf buds will decrease by the development of shoots of durian plants, where the older leafage in the plant the nitrogen content is decreasing. 2. The nitrogen content present in the leaf tissue is positively correlated with the nitrogen content present in the soil at the three study sites. 3. The nitrogen concentration in the leaf is positively correlated with the development of the reproductive period on the durian plant.