The relationship between psychological birth order, social anxiety and childhood trauma
Keywords:
psychological birth order, social anxiety, childhood traumas, neglect, abuseAbstract
The research was carried out to examine the relationship between psychological birth order, social anxiety and childhood traumas of adult participants. Childhood Trauma Scale, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, White-Campbell Psychological Birth Order Inventory and demographic information form prepared by the researchers were applied to a total of 456 participants, 270 women and 186 men, aged 18-45 years. The sub-dimensions of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale are fear/anxiety and avoidance.The sub-dimensions of the Childhood Trauma Scale are emotional abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect and sexual abuse. According to the findings; It was determined that there was a moderate positive and significant relationship between childhood traumas and psychological birth order in middle children.It was determined that there was a moderate and negative relationship between sexual abuse and the Persuasive and Charmer youngest children of male gender. Based on the Social Anxiety Scale, it was determined that the middle children of female gender who were physically neglected and abused avoid social anxiety. It was concluded that the middle and the only children of male gender who were physically and emotionally neglected had social anxiety.
Downloads
References
Adler, A. (1985). Yaşamın Anlam ve Amacı (Çev. K. Şipal). Ankara: Say.
Allen, J., Coyne, G. L. & Huntoon, J. (1998). Complex posttraumatic stress disorder in women from a psychometric perspective. Journal of Personality Assessment, 70 (2), 277-298.
Allen, T. (2001). Family-Supportive Work Environments: The Role of Organizational Perceptions, 58(3), 414–435. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2000.1774
Arıkan, D., Yaman, S., & Çelebioğlu, A. (2000). Çocuk ihmali ve istismarı konusunda hemşirelerin bilgileri. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 3(2), 29-35.
Ashby, J. S., LoCicero, K. A., & Kenny, M. C. (2003). The Relationship of Multidimensional Perfectionism to Psychological Birth Order. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 59(1), 10 42.
Aslan, H. & Alpaslan, Z. N. (2000). Initial validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Ann Med Sciences, 9, 113-119.
Bandelow, B., Torrente, A. C., Wedekind, D., Broocks, A., Hajak, G., & Ruther, E. (2004). Early traumatic life events, parental rearing styles, family history of mental disorders, and birth risk factors in patients with social anxiety disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 254, 397–405.
Baydemir, C., Acıkgoz, A., Derınce, D., Kaya, Y., Ongun, E., & Kok, H. (2014). The effect of childhood trauma life on self-esteem in school of health students in a province of western Turkey. Life Sci J, 11, 749-757.
Beesdo-Baum, Katja; Knappe, Susanne (2012). Developmental Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 21(3), 457–478. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2012.05.001
Bemstein, D. P., L. Fink, et al. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. Am J Psychiatry, 151(8), 1132-1136.
Bögels, S. M., Van Oosten, A., Muris, P., & Smulders, D. (2001). Familial correlates of social anxiety in children and adolescents, Behav Res Ther. 39, 273–287.
Briere, J. (1992). Child abuse trauma: Theoıy and treatment of the lasting effects. Newbury Park, CA, SAGE.
Brook, C. A., & Schmidt, L. A. (2008). Social anxiety disorder: a review of environmental risk factors. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 4(1), 123–143.
Burns, E. E., Fischer, S., Jackson, J. L. & Harding, H. G. (2012). Deficits in emotion regulation mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and later eating disorder symptoms. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36, 32–39.
Carpenter, L. & Chung, M. C. (2011). Childhood trauma in obsessive compulsive disorder: The roles of alexithymia and attachment. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84, 367–388.
Chartier, M. J., Walker, J. R., & Stein, M. B. (2001). Social phobia and potential childhood risk factors in a community sample. Psychol Med, 31, 307–315.
Corey, G. (2008). Psikolojik Danışma Kuram ve Uygulamaları. (Çev. T. Ergene). Ankara: Mentis.
Cüceloğlu, D. (2006). İnsan ve Davranışı. İstanbul: Remzi.
David, D., A. Giron, vd. (1995). Panic-phobic patients and developmental trauma. J Clin Psychiatry, 56(3), 113-117.
Ekşi, H., Sevim, E. & Kurt, B. (2016). Psikolojik Doğum Sırası ile Yetersizlik Duygusunun Yetişkin Bağlanma Stillerini Yordama Düzeyinin İncelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 15 (3), 1054-1065. doi: 10.17051/io.2016.90300
Gates, L., Lineberger, M. R., Crockett, J., & Hubbard, J. (1988). Birth Order and its Relationship to Depression, Anxiety, and Self-Concept Test Scores in Children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 149(1), 29-34. doi:10.1080/00221325.1988.10532136
Geçtan, E. (2008). Psikanaliz ve Sonrası. İstanbul: Metis.
George, D. & Mallery, P. (2010) SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 17.0 Update. 10th Edition, Pearson, Boston.
Gibb, B. E., Chelminski, I., & Zimmerman, M. (2007). Childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and diagnoses of depressive and anxiety disorders in adult psychiatric outpatients. Depression and Anxiety, 24: 256-263.
Gibb, B.E., Butler, A. C., Beck, J. S. (2003). Childhood Abuse, Depression, and Anxiety in Adult Psychiatric Outpatients. Depression and Anxiety, 17:226–228.
Green, B., & Griffiths, E. C. (2013). Birth order and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 19(1), 24–32. doi:10.1080/13548506.2013.774432
Gülçür, L. (1996). Ankara Araştırması, Sıcak yuva masalı, aile içi şiddet ve cinsel taciz. İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.
Hackmann, A., Clark, D. & McManus, F. (2000). Recurrent images and early memories in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 601–610.
Heimberg, R. G., K. J. Horner, et al. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Psychol Med, 29(1), 199-212.
İygün, M. İ. (2008). Genç Yetişkin Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Çocukluk Çağı Travmalarının Duygu Düzenleme Becerileri ve Kaygı Düzeyleri ile İlişkilerinin İncelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), T.C. Maltepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Kalkan, M. (2005). White-Campbell Psikolojik Doğum Sırası Envanterinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği. 3P Dergisi, 13(3), 169- 174.
Kalkan, M. (2008a). Do Psychological Birth Order Position Spredict Future Time Orientation in Romantic Relation Ships? Interpersona, 2(1), 89-101.
Kalkan, M. (2008b). The Relationship of Psychological Birth Order to Irrational Relationship beliefs. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 36(4), 455-466.
Karadeniz, S. (2008). Çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantıları ile psikolojik doğum sırası arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Samsun.
Keskin, G. & Çam, O. (2005). Çocuk Cinsel İstismarına Psikodinamik Bakış Açısı ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi , 21 (2) , 191-208 . Retrieved From Https://Dergipark.Org.Tr/Tr/Pub/Egehemsire/İssue/49614/635869
Krause, E. et al. (2003). Childhood emotional invalidation and adult psychological distress: the mediating role of emotional inhibition. Child Abuse Negl, 27, 199-213.
Kuo, J. R., Goldin, P. R., Werner, K., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2011). Childhood trauma and current psychological functioning in adults with social anxiety disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders, 25(4), 467-473.
Mancini, C., M. Van Ameringen, vd. (1995). Relationship of childhood sexual and physical abuse to anxiety disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis, 183(5): 309-314.
Mathews, C. A., Kaur, N., & Stein, M. B. (2007). Chilhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Depression and Anxiety. 25: 742-751.
Michail, M., & Birchwood, M. (2014). Birinci Bölüm Psikozunda Sosyal Anksiyete: Çocukluk Çağı Travması ve Erişkin Bağlılığının Rolü. Duygulanım Bozuklukları Dergisi, 163, 102–109. Doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.03.033
Ökten, S. (2009). Toplumsal cinsiyet ve iktidar: güneydoğu anadolu bölgesinin toplumsal cinsiyet düzeni. Journal of International Social Research, 2(8).
Özgen, H. (2017). Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travmalarının Ebeveyn Tutumları Üzerindeki Yordayıcılığı (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı Klinik Psikoloji Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
Page, A. Z., & İnce, M. (2008). Aile içi şiddet konusunda bir derleme. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(22), 81-94.
Pearson, Tarah R. (2009). Anxiety and birth order: does birth order play a role in a child's anxiety level? Theses and Dissertations, 655. https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd/655
Ranta, K., Kaltiala-Heino, R., Rantanen, P., & Marttunen, M. (2009). Social phobia in Finnish general adolescent population: prevalence, comorbidity, individual and family correlates, and service use. Depression and Anxiety, n/a–n/a. doi:10.1002/da.20422
Roberts, C. L., White P. B. (2001). I Always Knew Mom and Dad Loved Me Best: Experiences of Only Children. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 57(2).
Safren, S. A., B. S. Gershuny, et al. (2002). History of childhood abuse in panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis, 190(7): 453-456.
Şar, V., İslam, S. & Öztürk, E. (2009). Childhood emotional abuse and dissociation in patients with conversion symptoms. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63, 670–677.
Shulman, B. H. & Mosak, H. H. (1977). Birth Order and Ordinal Position: Two Adlerian Views. Journal of Individual Psychology, 33(1), 114.
Soykan, C., H. D. Ozguven, et al. (2003). Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: the Turkish version. Psychol Rep, 93(3 Pt 2): 1059-1069.
Spinhoven, P., Elzinga, B. M., Hovens, J. G.F.M., Roelofs, K., Zitman, F. G., van Oppen, P. & Penninx, B. W.J.H. (2010). The specificity of childhood adversities and negative life events across the life span to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 126, 103–112.
Stein, M. B., J. R. Walker, et al. (1996). Public-speaking fears ina community sample. Prevalence, impact on functioning, and diagnostic classification. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53(2), 169-174.
Stemberger, R. T., Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C. and Calhoun, K. S. (1995). Social phobia: an analysis of possible developmental factors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 526–531.
Stewart, A. E., Stewart, E. A., & Campbell, L. F. (2001). The relationship of psychological birth order to the family atmosphere and to personality. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 57(4), 363–387.
Stewart, J. (2004). The meaning of strategy in the public sector, 63(4), 16–21. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8500.2004.00409.x
Terr, L. C. (1991). Childhood traumas: an outline and overview. Am J Psychiatry, 148 (1), 10-20.
Tivriz, B. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Çocukluk Çağı Travmalarının Sosyal Anksiyete Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Van Dijke, A., Ford, J. D., Van der Hart, O., Van Son, M. J.M., Van der Heijden, P. G.M. & Bühring, M. (2011). Childhood traumatization by primary caretaker and affect dysregulation in patients with borderline personality disorder and somatoform disorder. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2 (5628), 1-11.
Waldinger, R. J., Schulz, M. S., Barsky, A. J. & Ahern, D. K. (2006). Mapping the road from childhood trauma to adult somatization: The role of attachment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68, 129–135.
Whiffen, V. E. & MacIntosh, H. B. (2005). Mediators of the link between childhood sexual abuse and emotional distress: A critical review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 6 (1), 24-39.
Yüksel, Ç. (2012). Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu'nda Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ve Çocukluktaki Ebeveyn Tutumunun Değerlendirilmesi (Yayımlanmamış Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi). İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul.
Zeren, C., Yengil, E., Çelikel, A., Arık, A., & Arslan, M. (2012). Üniversite öğrencilerinde çocukluk çağı istismarı sıklığı. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 39(4), 536-541.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
