Legal protection of medical personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku; Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini; Hartana Hartana; Ni Made Celin Darayani

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6n2.7923

Authors

Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku
sudika.mangku@undiksha.ac.id
Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Ganesha University of Education, Singaraja-Bali, Indonesia
Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Ganesha University of Education, Singaraja-Bali, Indonesia
Hartana Faculty of Law, Bung Karno University, Jakarta, Indonesia
Ni Made Celin Darayani Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Ganesha University of Education, Singaraja-Bali, Indonesia

Keywords:

COVID-19, government policy, health law, legal protection, medical facility, medical personnel

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to investigate the legal protection of medical staff in Indonesia during the Covid-19 outbreak. This study is a descriptive qualitative study that examines the legal protection of medical staff in Indonesia using positive law. Secondary legal materials, such as books, journals, articles, and other written works, as well as field phenomena, are used to write the article. According to the study's findings, the Covid-19 outbreak in Indonesia has placed a significant strain on the country's healthcare system, especially on healthcare employees. The most evident issue is the safety of medical staff at the frontline, who are extremely vulnerable to being exposed to Covid-19, risking their lives. Furthermore, issues of mental health, such as the danger of burnout syndrome, pose significant concerns. Unfortunately, there are no guidelines or practices in place to protect their mental health. Legal protection for health workers during the Covid-19 pandemic consists of preventive protection efforts and repressive protection efforts. The government provides preventive protection through a vaccination program. Repressive protection is given by the Government by imposing sanctions for perpetrators of violence and discrimination against health workers who are on duty. Besides, the Government has provided incentives and death benefits.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdurrahman, M. (2009). Sociology and Legal Research Methods. Malang: UMM Press.

Adityo, R. D. (2013). Looking for the Concept of the Face of the National Legal System: The Study of Polemics and The Challenges of Progressive Law Enforcement in the Indonesian Legal System. The Rule of Law: Journal of Legal Studies, 2(1).

Agustino, L. (2020). COVID-19 Outbreak Handling Policy Analysis: Indonesia's Experience. Borneo Administrator Journal, 16(2), 253–270.

Antonijevic, J., Binic, I., Zikic, O., Manojlovic, S., Tosic‐Golubovic, S., & Popovic, N. (2020). Mental health of medical personnel during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Brain and Behavior, 10(12), e01881.

Arifin, R., & Lestari, L. E. (2019). Enforcement and Protection of Human Rights in Indonesia in the context of the implementation of fair and civilized humanitarian precepts. Journal of Legal Communication (JKH), 5(2), 12–25.

Asyhadia, H. Z. (2018). Aspects of health law in Indonesia.

Awaliyah, S., Mangku, D. G. S., Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Suastika, I. N. (2020). Enforcement of Illegal Fishing Laws that was Done by Foreign Ships in the Indonesian Sea Region, Viewed from International Sea Law. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9, 1164–1173.

Bodenheimer, T. (1999). The movement for improved quality in health care. In New England Journal of Medicine (Vol. 340, Issue 6, pp. 488–492). Mass Medical Soc.

Braun, B. L., Fowles, J. B., Solberg, L. I., Kind, E. A., Lando, H., & Pine, D. (2004). Smoking-related attitudes and clinical practices of medical personnel in Minnesota. American journal of preventive medicine, 27(4), 316-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.07.010

Brooks, D. M., Bradt, J., Eyre, L., Hunt, A., & Dileo, C. (2010). Creative approaches for reducing burnout in medical personnel. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 37(3), 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2010.05.001

Bryson, W. J. (2021). Long-term health-related quality of life concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic: a call to action. Quality of Life Research, 30(3), 643–645.

Chen, K. C., Chen, Z., & Wei, K. J. (2009). Legal protection of investors, corporate governance, and the cost of equity capital. Journal of corporate finance, 15(3), 273-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2009.01.001

Cumming, D. (2007). Government policy towards entrepreneurial finance: Innovation investment funds. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(2), 193-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.12.002

Deliana, D., Noer, R. M., & Agusthia, M. (2021). Relationship of Quality of Service with Patient Satisfaction during COVID-19. Initium Medica Journal, 1(1), 9–16.

Dewi, A. A. I. A., Dahana, C. D., Kurniawan, I. G. A., Dwijayanthi, P. T., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2021). Strengthening The Economy Of Desa Adat Based On Local Resources: Strategy And Regulation Context. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(4), 1–9.

Dewi, D. S., & Tobing, T. N. W. (2021). Optimization of Public Service Implementation in a Period of Change Against COVID-19 in Indonesia. Journal of Information System, Applied, Management, Accounting and Research, 5(1), 210–214.

Ehrlich, H., McKenney, M., & Elkbuli, A. (2020). Protecting our healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 38(7), 1527.

Firmansyah, A. A., Satriawan, I., Khoiriah, S., & Hasyimzoem, Y. (2017). Local Government Law. PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.

Greenberg, N., Docherty, M., Gnanapragasam, S., & Wessely, S. (2020). Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic. bmj, 368.

Hamzah, A. (2010). Law enforcement reform. Scientific Lectures & Speeches -1998.

Ihrig, J., & Moe, K. S. (2004). Lurking in the shadows: the informal sector and government policy. Journal of Development Economics, 73(2), 541-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2003.04.004

Itasari, E. R. (2015). Maximizing the Role of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia 1976 (TAC) in Dispute Resolution in ASEAN. Journal of Legal Communication (JKH), 1(1).

Joob, B., & Wiwanitkit, V. (2020). Medical personnel, COVID-19 and emotional impact. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112952.

Kanishevska, L., Shakhrai, V., Aleikseieiva, S., Poyasyk, O., & Tolochko, S. (2022). Management of HEIs during pandemic. International Journal ofHealth Sciences, 6(1), 92-102. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.3311

Karno, D., & Sulaiman, L. (2021). The Role of the Government and Health Workers in The Response to COVID-19. Permas Scientific Journal: STIKES Kendal Scientific Journal, 11(3), 665–672.

Kavak, D. G., Öksüz, A. S., Cengiz, C., Kayral, I. H., & Şenel, F. Ç. (2020). The importance of quality and accreditation in health care services in the process of struggle against COVID-19. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50(8), 1760–1770.

Laming, M. T. (2021). Justice In Some Perspective; A Study Of Some Paradicas On Justice. Meraja Journal, 4(2), 269–278.

Law, R., Dollard, M. F., Tuckey, M. R., & Dormann, C. (2011). Psychosocial safety climate as a lead indicator of workplace bullying and harassment, job resources, psychological health and employee engagement. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(5), 1782-1793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.04.010

Magnavita, N., Tripepi, G., & Di Prinzio, R. R. (2020). Symptoms in health care workers during the COVID-19 epidemic. A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 5218.

Malik, F., Abduladjid, S., Mangku, D. G. S., Yuliartini, N. P. R., Wirawan, I. G. M. A. S., & Mahendra, P. R. A. (2021). Legal Protection for People with Disabilities in the Perspective of Human Rights in Indonesia. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10, 538–547.

Mangku, D. G. S., & Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2021). Fulfillment of Labor Rights for Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10, 272–280.

Mangku, D. G. S., Purwendah, E. K., Itasari, E. R., & Nurhayati, B. R. (2020). Compensation for Oil Pollution Due to Tanker Accidents in the Indonesian Legal System in a Justice Value Perspective. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9, 662-669.

Muchsin, A. (2016). Legal Protection of Patients as Consumers of Health Services in Therapeutic Transactions. Journal of Islamic Law.

Muninjaya, A. A. G. (2011). Quality management of health services.

Newman, M. E., McLaren, K. P., & Wilson, B. S. (2014). Assessing deforestation and fragmentation in a tropical moist forest over 68 years; the impact of roads and legal protection in the Cockpit Country, Jamaica. Forest Ecology and Management, 315, 138-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.12.033

Organization, W. H. (2020a). COVID-19: Operational guidance for maintaining essential health services during an outbreak.

Organization, W. H. (2020b). Maintaining essential health services: operational guidance for the COVID-19 context.

Pelafu, J. (2015). Implementation of Enforcement of the Code of Medical Ethics. Lex Crimen, 4(3).

Purwaningtyas, K. (2021). Improving the Quality of Public Services: Strategic Steps to Achieve Sustainable Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Identity Journal, 1(2), 14–25.

Purwendah, E. K., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2021). Implementation of Compensation for Oil Pollution by Tanker Ships in the Indonesian Legal System. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10, 111–119.

Raharjo, A. (2006). The Law and its Imaging Dilemmas. Journal of Law Pro Justitia, 24(1).

Rif’an, M., Nursasmita, M. A., Musyarri, F. A., Adi, D. W. S., & Assari, E. (2020). Law as General Rule or Law as Conglomeration of Legal Decision. Law Journal of Lex Generalis, 1(7), 47–64.

Romawati, S., Ekawati, D., & Anggreny, D. E. (2022). Satisfaction Analysis Of Clinic Services During The COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal'Aisyiyah Medika, 7(1).

Sabyr, A., Rustemova, G., Koshkinbayeva, A., Bitemirov, K., Bizhanova, A., Medetov, A., Skakova, A., & Kussainova, L. (2019). The role of international conventions and covenants in achieving economic and environmental justice: A conceptual review. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 22(2), 1–8.

Santoso, M. D. Y. (2021). Factors related to burnout in health workers in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Papua Tropical Nursing Journal, 4(1), 1–10.

Satrianegara, M. F. (2014). Organization and Management of Health Services: Theory and Its Application in Puskesmas and Hospital Services.

Sisdiyantoro, K., & Minarni, E. (2021). Quality of Health Services to Patient Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Health Protocols. BENEFIT, 8(2), 90–104.

Songgigilan, G. (2021). Legal Protection Of Patients In Obtaining Health Services During The COVID-19 Pandemic Based On The Law Of The Republic Of Indonesia Number 36 Of 2009. Lex Administratum, 9(7).

Spoorthy, M. S., Pratapa, S. K., & Mahant, S. (2020). Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic–A review. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102119.

Sudiro, A. (2013). National and International Aspects of Law and Justice. Puskom.

Sulaiman, S. (2018). Paradigm in Legal Research. Kanun Journal of Legal Sciences, 20(2), 255–272.

Sumardjono, M. S. W. (1989). Guidelines for Making Research Proposals.

Szmukler, G., Daw, R., & Callard, F. (2014). Mental health law and the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. International journal of law and psychiatry, 37(3), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.11.024

Tyagi, K., Ghosh, A., Nair, D., Dutta, K., Bhandari, P. S., Ansari, I. A., & Misra, A. (2021). Breakthrough COVID19 infections after vaccinations in healthcare and other workers in a chronic care medical facility in New Delhi, India. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 15(3), 1007-1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.001

Verguet, S., Hailu, A., Eregata, G. T., Memirie, S. T., Johansson, K. A., & Norheim, O. F. (2021). Toward universal health coverage in the post-COVID-19 era. Nature Medicine, 27(3), 380–387.

Vindrola-Padros, C., Andrews, L., Dowrick, A., Djellouli, N., Fillmore, H., Gonzalez, E. B., Javadi, D., Lewis-Jackson, S., Manby, L., & Mitchinson, L. (2020). Perceptions and experiences of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. BMJ Open, 10(11), e040503.

Widjanantie, S. C., Kartikawati, F., Rahardjo, T. A. B., Susanto, A. D., Burhan, E., Hasibuan, T. E. T., Rogayah, R., & Rasmin, M. (2020). Mobilization of Medical Personnel in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal Of The Indonesian Medical Association, 70(8), 142–143.

Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2020). Legal Protection for Women Victims of Trafficking in Indonesia in an International Human Rights Perspective. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9, 1397–1404.

Zhang, Y., & Atkins, D. (2019). Medical facility network design: User-choice and system-optimal models. European Journal of Operational Research, 273(1), 305-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.08.008