Formulation and evaluation of nitric oxide nasal spray

https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS4.10257

Authors

Keywords:

formulation, evaluation, nitric oxide, nasal spray

Abstract

Many studies have found that anti-covid nasal sprays and gargles are more effective at preventing SARSCOV-2 infection. Antiviral qualities are seen in anti-covid nasal sprays and gargles. "Invisi Mask, Nitric oxide Nasal spray (NONS), Povidone-iodine Nasal spray (PVP-I), Taffix spray" are some of the most regularly used anti-covid nasal sprays. "Povidone-iodine gargle (PVP-I), Betadine gargle, 'Nozin,' Chlorhexidine gargle, hydrogen-peroxide gargle, dequonal, dequalinium chloride, and Benzalkonium chloride independently with antiviral and virus, Cetylpyridinium chloride, C31 G," We also found that pre-treating cells with the product prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of viral subtype. The creation of a physical, passive barrier appears to be the major mechanism of action. In other combinations, however, the addition of wild garlic gave extra direct antiviral activities. We suggest that nasal sprays based on HPMCs could be a useful supplement to efforts for limiting the transmission of respiratory viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akbarov, A. N., & Xabilov, D. N. U. (2021). The condition of the oral cavity in patients who have had a viral infection COVID-19. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 4(4), 381-383. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijhms.v4n4.1796

Cole, E.C.; Cook, C.E. Characterization of infectious aerosols in health care facilities: An aid to effective engineering controls and preventive strategies. Am. J. Infect. Control. 1998, 26, 453–464. [CrossRef]

Fennelly, K.P. Particle sizes of infectious aerosols: Implications for infection control. Lancet Respir. Med. 2020, 8, 914–924. [CrossRef]

Han, Z.Y.; Weng, W.G.; Huang, Q.Y. Characterizations of particle size distribution of the droplets exhaled by sneeze. J. R. Soc. Interface 2013, 10, 20130560. [CrossRef]

Hemilä, H.; Chalker, E. Carrageenan nasal spray may double the rate of recovery from coronavirus and influenza virus infections: Re-analysis of randomized trial data. Pharmacol. Res. Perspect. 2021, 9, e00810. [CrossRef]

Hunt, N.; Suleman, L.; Josling, P.D.; Popov, T. Virucidal activity of Nasaleze Cold and Flu Blocker and Nasaleze Travel in cell cultures infected with human pathogenic coronavirus 229-E. bioRxiv 2021. [CrossRef]

Jang, Y.; Shin, H.; Lee, M.K.; Kwon, O.S.; Shin, J.S.; Kim, Y.-I.; Kim, C.W.; Lee, H.-R.; Kim, M. Antiviral activity of lambdacarrageenan against influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 1–12. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Leibbrandt, A.; Meier, C.; König-Schuster, M.; Weinmüllner, R.; Kalthoff, D.; Pflugfelder, B.; Graf, P.; Frank-Gehrke, B.; Beer, M.; Fazekas, T.; et al. Iota-Carrageenan Is a Potent Inhibitor of Influenza A Virus Infection. PLoS ONE 2010, 5, e14320. [CrossRef]

Moakes, R.J.A.; Davies, S.P.; Stamataki, Z.; Grover, L.M. Formulation of a Composite Nasal Spray Enabling Enhanced Surface Coverage and Prophylaxis of SARS-COV-2. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2008304. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Morawska, L.; Cao, J. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality. Environ. Int. 2020, 139, 105730. [CrossRef]

Morokutti-Kurz, M.; Fröba, M.; Graf, P.; Große, M.; Grassauer, A.; Auth, J.; Schubert, U.; Prieschl-Grassauer, E. Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro. PLoS ONE 2021, 16, e0237480. [CrossRef]

Popov, T.A.; Åberg, N.; Emberlin, J.; Josling, P.; Ilyina, N.I.; Nikitin, N.P.; Church, M. Methyl-cellulose powder for prevention and management of nasal symptoms. Expert Rev. Respir. Med. 2017, 11, 885–892. [CrossRef]

Schütz, D.; Conzelmann, C.; Fois, G.; Groß, R.; Weil, T.; Wettstein, L.; Stenger, S.; Zelikin, A.; Hoffmann, T.K.; Frick, M.; et al. Carrageenan-containing over-the-counter nasal and oral sprays inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cultures. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 2021, 320, L750–L756. [CrossRef]

Stadnytskyi, V.; Bax, C.E.; Bax, A.; Anfinrud, P. The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2020, 117, 11875–11877. [CrossRef]

Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(2), vi-ix. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n2.2937

Tellier, R.; Li, Y.; Cowling, B.J.; Tang, J.W. Recognition of aerosol transmission of infectious agents: A commentary. BMC Infect. Dis. 2019, 19, 101. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Winchester, S.; John, S.; Jabbar, K.; John, I. Clinical efficacy of nitric oxide nasal spray (NONS) for the treatment of mild COVID-19 infection. J. Infect. 2021, 83, 237–279. [CrossRef]

Zhang, R.; Li, Y.; Zhang, A.L.; Wang, Y.; Molina, M.J. Identifying Airborne Transmission as the Dominant Route for the Spread of COVID-19. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2020, 117, 14857–14863. [CrossRef]

Zia, K.M.; Tabasum, S.; Nasif, M.; Sultan, N.; Aslam, N.; Noreen, A.; Zuber, M. A review on synthesis, properties and applications of natural polymer based carrageenan blends and composites. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017, 96, 282–301. [CrossRef]

Published

03-07-2022

How to Cite

Chhipane, S. (2022). Formulation and evaluation of nitric oxide nasal spray. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S4), 7810–7815. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS4.10257

Issue

Section

Peer Review Articles