The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance at Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital of Surabaya
Keywords:
antimicrobial, resistance, carbapenem resistant, susceptibility patternAbstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic promote antibiotic resistance in bacteria due to overuse of antibiotics, and inhibit the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to numerous transmission control methods. The research is observational analytic with retrospective approach, aims to compare microorganism profile data, prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and susceptibility patterns in patients treated at Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Hospital before and during the pandemic. The most species isolated before the pandemic: E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, A. baumannii, and Candida spp. The prevalence of multidrug resistant microorganisms before the pandemic: MRSA 28.4%, VRSA 3.57%, VRE 15.41%, ESBL 49.5% and carbapenem resistant 20.56%. The most species isolated during the pandemic: K. pneumoniae, E. coli, Candida spp, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and S. aureus. Prevalence of multidrug resistant microorganisms during the pandemic: MRSA 29.3%, VRSA 1.5%, VRE 21.05%, ESBL 48.82% and carbapenem resistant 25.97%. The microorganism profiles are different before and during the pandemic, significant decrease in the prevalence of E. coli and S. aureus, significant increase in Candida spp. and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, particularly E. coli, E. cloacae, and Citrobacter spp, and significant alterations of susceptibility patterns in S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa.
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