The associations between serum dihydrotestosterone levels, lipid parameters & anthropometric measurements in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Keywords:
dihydrotestosterone, type 2 diabetes mellitus, lipid profile, wasit hip ratio, BMIAbstract
Background: Male fertility is affected by the metabolic and hormonal dysregulation brought on by Diabetes Mellitus, a metabolic illness, particularly in the hypothalamus-pituitary testicular axis. However, there is little proof that endocrinopathy causes diabetic men's infertility and low testosterone levels. It is well established that Type 2 Diabetes causes dyslipidemia & obesity by lowering serum testosterone levels. However, there isn't much research on DHT, the most potent androgen, and its relationship to male lipid profiles. Methods: The study was carried out at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, in the Department of Physiology and Medicine & Department of Physiology Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad. A total of 210 samples—105 from type 2 diabetics and 105 from controls—were included in the study. Using conventional biochemical techniques, Lipid parameters [HDL, LDL, VLDL &TC], serum DHT, Data analysis was done with SPSS 26. [ trial version]. Results: The levels of serum dihydrotestosterone were significantly lower in diabetic cases than in healthy controls [439.26 ± 257.87pg/ml vs 230.66 ± 182.02pg/ml, p=0.001]. 90 percent of Type 2 diabetics were found to have subnormal levels, as opposed to just 10 percent of controls.
Downloads
References
Adveetabiotech.com. [cited 2022 Jun 30]. Available from: https://adveetabiotech.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/21_Triglycerides-_Test_Kit.pdf
Algoblan A, Alalfi M, Khan M. Mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2014;:587.
Alves MG, Martins AD, Vaz CV, Correia S, Moreira PI, Oliveira PF, et al. Metformin and male reproduction: Effects on Sertoli Cell metabolism. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2014;171(4):1033–42.
AMBADE VIVEKN, SHARMA YV, SOMANI BL. Methods for estimation of blood glucose : A comparative evaluation. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 1998;54(2):131–3.
Bala M, Meenakshi, Aggarwal S. Correlation of body mass index and waist/hip ratio with glycated hemoglobin in prediabetes. EJIFCC. 2019;30(3):317–24.
Bays HE, Chapman RH, Grandy S. The relationship of body mass index to diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia: Comparison of data from two national surveys. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2007;61(5):737–47.
Biosciences E. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) ELISA Assay Kit [Internet]. Eaglebio.com. [cited 2022 Jun 30]. Available from: https://eaglebio.com/wp-content/uploads/data-pdf/dht31-dht-elisa-assay-kit-packageinsert.pdf
Biotec-co.com. [cited 2022 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.biotec-co.com/images/products/clinical_chemistry/kits/chemistry/Cholesterol.pdf
Blaschke F, Caglayan E, Hsueh WA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists: Their role as vasoprotective agents in diabetes. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 2006;35(3):561–74.
Cheung BMY, Li C. Diabetes and hypertension: is there a common metabolic pathway? Curr Atheroscler Rep [Internet]. 2012;14(2):160–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11883-012-0227-2
Clark RV, Hermann DJ, Cunningham GR, Wilson TH, Morrill BB, Hobbs S. Marked suppression of dihydrotestosterone in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia by dutasteride, a dual 5α-reductase inhibitor. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2004;89(5):2179–84.
Costanzo PR, Suárez SM, Scaglia HE, Zylbersztein C, Litwak LE, Knoblovits P. Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in EUGONADAL men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Andrology. 2013;2(1):117–24.
Cui R, Qi Z, Zhou L, Li Z, Li Q, Zhang J. Evaluation of serum lipid profile, body mass index, and waistline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Interv Aging [Internet]. 2016;11:445–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S104803.
de Luca C, Olefsky JM. Inflammation and insulin resistance. FEBS Letters. 2007;582(1):97–105.
Fan W, Yanase T, Nomura M, Okabe T, Goto K, Sato T, et al. Androgen receptor null male mice develop late-onset obesity caused by decreased energy expenditure and lipolytic activity but show normal insulin sensitivity with high adiponectin secretion. Diabetes [Internet]. 2005;54(4):1000–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.4.1000.
Femlak M, Gluba-Brzózka A, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Rysz J. The role and function of HDL in patients with diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk. Lipids Health Dis [Internet]. 2017;16(1):207. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12944-017-0594-3.
Guilherme A, Virbasius JV, Puri V, Czech MP. Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2008;9(5):367–77.
Guilherme A, Virbasius JV, Puri V, Czech MP. Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2008;9(5):367–77.
Gupta S, Bansal S. Correction: Does a rise in BMI cause an increased risk of diabetes?: Evidence from India. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(2).
HDL Cholesterol precipitating reagent set [Internet]. Biopacific.net. [cited 2022 Jun 30]. Available from: http://www.biopacific.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Pointe-HDL-Cholesterol-PEG-Insert.pdf
Hirano T. Pathophysiology of diabetic dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb [Internet]. 2018;25(9):771–82. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5551/jat.rv17023.
Home - books - NCBI [Internet]. National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2022Jun29]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
Huffman MD, Fall CHD, Khalil A, Osmond C, Tandon N, Lakshmy R, et al. Association between anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, & early life factors & adult measures of endothelial function: Results from the New Delhi Birth Cohort. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2015;142(6): 1765–1774.
Introduction to lipids and lipoproteins - NCBI bookshelf [Internet]. [cited 2022Jun29]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305896/
Jafari-Koshki T, Mansourian M, Hosseini SM, Amini M. Association of waist and hip circumference and waist-hip ratio with type 2 diabetes risk in first-degree relatives. J Diabetes Complications [Internet]. 2016;30(6):1050–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.05.003.
Joyce KE, Biggs ML, Djoussé L, Ix JH, Kizer JR, Siscovick DS, et al. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and incident diabetes among older men: The Cardiovascular Health Study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2016;
Joyce KE, Biggs ML, Djoussé L, Ix JH, Kizer JR, Siscovick DS, et al. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and incident diabetes among older men: The Cardiovascular Health Study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2016;102(1):33-39
Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2000;106(4):473–81.
Kahn SE, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM. Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2006;444(7121):840–6.
Krishnaveni P, Gowda VM. Assessing the validity of Friedewald’s Formula and anandraja’s formula for serum LDL-cholesterol calculation. J Clin Diagn Res [Internet]. 2015;9(12):BC01-4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/16850.6870.
Maneesh M, Jayalakshmi H, Singh TA, Chakrabarti A. Impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in men with diabetes mellitus. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 2006;21(1):165–8.
Marchetti PM, Barth JH. Clinical biochemistry of dihydrotestosterone. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2013;50(2):95–107.
Marks LS. 5alpha-reductase: history and clinical importance. Rev Urol. 2004;6 Suppl 9:S11-21.
Mather KJ, Kim C, Christophi CA, Aroda VR, Knowler WC, Edelstein SE, et al. Steroid sex hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin, and diabetes incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program. J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2015;100(10):3778–86. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2328.
Navarro G, Xu W, Jacobson DA, Wicksteed B, Allard C, Zhang G, et al. Extranuclear actions of the androgen receptor enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the male. Cell Metabolism. 2016;23(5):837–51.
Page ST, Mohr BA, Link CL, O’Donnell AB, Bremner WJ, McKinlay JB. Higher testosterone levels are associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men with cardiovascular disease: results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Asian J Androl [Internet]. 2008;10(2):193–200. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00332.x
Parhofer KG. Interaction between glucose and lipid metabolism: More than diabetic dyslipidemia. Diabetes Metab J [Internet]. 2015;39(5):353–62. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.5.353.
Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus - NCBI bookshelf [Internet]. [cited 2022Jun29]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279115/
Physiology, endocrine hormones - statpearls - NCBI bookshelf [Internet]. [cited 2022Jun29]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538498/
Physiology, Glucose Transporter Type 4 - NCBI Bookshelf [Internet]. [cited 2022Jun29]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537322/
Plant TM. 60 years of neuroendocrinology: The Hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal axis. Journal of Endocrinology. 2015;226(2).
Rato L, Alves MG, Duarte AI, Santos MS, Moreira PI, Cavaco JE, et al. Testosterone deficiency induced by progressive stages of diabetes mellitus impairs glucose metabolism and favors glycogenesis in mature rat Sertoli cells. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2015;66:1–10.
Saraswati, P. A. I. ., Gunawan, I. M. K., & Budiyasa, D. G. A. (2021). Overview of glomerulus filtration in type 2 of diabetes mellitus at Sanjiwani Gianyar hospital year of 2018-2019. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 4(1), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijhms.v4n1.726
Slowinska-Solnica K, Pawlica-Gosiewska D, Gawlik K, Kuzniewski M, Maziarz B, Solnica B. Boronate affinity chromatography accurately measures hba1c also in patients with end-stage renal disease - performance evaluation of the A1C HPLC analyzer. Clinical Laboratory. 2018;64(09/2018).
Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). Health and treatment of diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(1), i-v. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n1.2864
Swerdloff RS, Dudley RE, Page ST, Wang C, Salameh WA. Dihydrotestosterone: Biochemistry, physiology, and clinical implications of elevated blood levels. Endocrine Reviews. 2017;38(3):220–54.
Vandenput L, Mellström D, Lorentzon M, Swanson C, Karlsson MK, Brandberg J, et al. Androgens and glucuronidated androgen metabolites are associated with metabolic risk factors in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2007;92(11):4130–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0252.
Westfield G, Kaiser UB, Lamb DJ, Ramasamy R. Short-acting testosterone: More physiologic? Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2020;11.
Yao Q-ming, Wang B, An X-fei, Zhang J-an, Ding L. Testosterone level and risk of type 2 diabetes in men: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine Connections. 2018;7(1):220–31.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
