Photobiomodulation and trigger band technique on groin adductor strain in athletes: Single-blinded randomized control trial

Enas Abu Taleb; Hani Fahad Albalawi; Mohamed Serag Eldein Mahgoub Mostafa; Engy M. El Nahas; Dina Said; Heba Embaby; Emad T. Ahmed; Safi Mahmoud Mahmoud; Mohamed T Eldesoky

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6n2.10937

Authors

Enas Abu Taleb
Enas.abutaleb@pt.cu.edu.eg
Cairo University and Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt.
Hani Fahad Albalawi University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Serag Eldein Mahgoub Mostafa Cairo University and Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
Engy M. El Nahas Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Dina Said Ministry of Health Hospital and Al Ahly Club, Cairo, Egypt
Heba Embaby Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
Emad T. Ahmed Cairo University and Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
Safi Mahmoud Mahmoud Merit University, Sohag, Egypt
Mohamed T Eldesoky Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt and University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Keywords:

adductor strain, creatine kinase, diode laser, fascial distortion model, HAGOS

Abstract

Aim of the study: In athletes, groin pain-related adductor strain is a common problem in sports medicine, like groin injuries, so the study investigated the effect of Photobiomodulation (905 nm) and Trigger Band Technique (TBT) on handball athletes' groin adductor strain. Methods: Forty handball athletes with adductor groin strain were divided into an experimental group (A) that received Diode laser 905nm, TBT, and medical treatment, while control group (B) received sham laser with TBT and medical treatment for four weeks. Outcome measures investigated Copenhangen hip and groin outcome score, pressure algometry, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Results: Both groups showed a significant improvement in the post-treatment outcome measures, where experimental group showed more significant improvement than the control group with p-value >0.05. Conclusion: results imply that treatment of handball athlete's groin adductor strain by TBT and low-level laser is more effective than TBT alone.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agung, I., Murdana, N., Purba, H., & Fuady, A. (2018, August). Low-level laser therapy and dry needling for myofascial pain syndrome of the upper trapezius muscle: An interventional study. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1073, No. 6, p. 062045). IOP Publishing.

Ahmad, C. S., Redler, L. H., Ciccotti, M. G., Maffulli, N., Longo, U. G., & Bradley, J. (2013). Evaluation and management of hamstring injuries. The American journal of sports medicine, 41(12), 2933-2947.

Alpysbaev, K. S., Djuraev, A. M., & Tapilov, E. A. (2021). Reconstructive and restorative interventions at the proximal end of the thigh and pelvic bones in destructive pathological dislocation of the hip in children after hematogenous osteomyelitis. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 4(4), 367-372. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijhms.v4n4.1779

Alves, A. N., Fernandes, K. P. S., Deana, A. M., Bussadori, S. K., & Mesquita-Ferrari, R. A. (2014). Effects of low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle repair: a systematic review. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 93(12), 1073-1085.

Åman, M., Forssblad, M., & Henriksson‐Larsén, K. (2016). Incidence and severity of reported acute sports injuries in 35 sports using insurance registry data. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 26(4), 451-462.

Antonialli, F. C., De Marchi, T., Tomazoni, S. S., Vanin, A. A., dos Santos Grandinetti, V., de Paiva, P. R. V., ... & Leal-Junior, E. C. P. (2014). Phototherapy in skeletal muscle performance and recovery after exercise: effect of combination of super-pulsed laser and light-emitting diodes. Lasers in medical science, 29(6), 1967-1976.

Arendt-Nielsen, L., Nie, H., Laursen, M. B., Laursen, B. S., Madeleine, P., Simonsen, O. H., & Graven-Nielsen, T. (2010). Sensitization in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis. Pain, 149(3), 573-581.

Assis, L., Moretti, A. I. S., Abrahão, T. B., de Souza, H. P., Hamblin, M. R., & Parizotto, N. A. (2013). Low-level laser therapy (808 nm) contributes to muscle regeneration and prevents fibrosis in rat tibialis anterior muscle after cryolesion. Lasers in medical science, 28(3), 947-955.

Baird, C. J., Shumate, S. M., Tancredi, M. P., Cayce, L. M., & Wibbenmeyer, J. L. (2014). The effects of the fascial distortion model on chronic hamstring tightness. Topics in Integrative Health Care, 5(3).

Baird, M. F., Graham, S. M., Baker, J. S., & Bickerstaff, G. F. (2012). Creatine-kinase-and exercise-related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery. Journal of nutrition and metabolism, 2012.

Baptista, J., Martins, M. D., Pavesi, V. C. S., Bussadori, S. K., Fernandes, K. P. S., Júnior, D. D. S. P., & Ferrari, R. A. M. (2011). Influence of laser photobiomodulation on collagen IV during skeletal muscle tissue remodeling after injury in rats. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 29(1), 11-17.

Baroni, B. M., Leal Junior, E. C. P., De Marchi, T., Lopes, A. L., Salvador, M., & Vaz, M. A. (2010). Low level laser therapy before eccentric exercise reduces muscle damage markers in humans. European journal of applied physiology, 110(4), 789-796.

Bashiri, H. (2013). Evaluation of low level laser therapy in reducing diabetic polyneuropathy related pain and sensorimotor disorders. Acta Medica Iranica, 543-547.

Benedetti, F. (2010). Placebo effects: understanding the mechanisms in health and disease. Z Med Psychol, 19, 180-180.

Benedetti, F. (2011). The patient's brain: the neuroscience behind the doctor-patient relationship. Oxford University Press.

Bere, T., Alonso, J. M., Wangensteen, A., Bakken, A., Eirale, C., Dijkstra, H. P., ... & Popovic, N. (2015). Injury and illness surveillance during the 24th Men's Handball World Championship 2015 in Qatar. British journal of sports medicine, 49(17), 1151-1156.

Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1994). Regression towards the mean. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 308(6942), 1499.

Brancaccio, P., Lippi, G., & Maffulli, N. (2010). Biochemical markers of muscular damage. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 48(6), 757-767.

Brunelli, R. M., Rodrigues, N. C., Ribeiro, D. A., Fernandes, K., Magri, A., Assis, L., ... & Abreu, D. C. (2014). The effects of 780-nm low-level laser therapy on muscle healing process after cryolesion. Lasers in medical science, 29(1), 91-96.

Chatzinikolaou, A., Fatouros, I. G., Gourgoulis, V., Avloniti, A., Jamurtas, A. Z., Nikolaidis, M. G., ... & Taxildaris, K. (2010). Time course of changes in performance and inflammatory responses after acute plyometric exercise. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(5), 1389-1398.

Chaudhry, H., Schleip, R., Ji, Z., Bukiet, B., Maney, M., & Findley, T. (2008). Three-dimensional mathematical model for deformation of human fasciae in manual therapy. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 108(8), 379-390.

Chernecky, C. C., & Berger, B. J. (2012). Laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Cole, J. (2017). Comparison of Three Manipulative Therapy Techniques: CranioSacral Therapy, Muscle Energy Technique, and Fascial Distortion Model, A (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wyoming. Libraries).

Cotler, H. B., Chow, R. T., Hamblin, M. R., & Carroll, J. (2015). The use of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for musculoskeletal pain. MOJ orthopedics & rheumatology, 2(5).

de Almeida, P., Lopes‐Martins, R. Á. B., Tomazoni, S. S., Albuquerque‐Pontes, G. M., Santos, L. A., Vanin, A. A., ... & Leal‐Junior, E. C. P. (2013). Low‐Level Laser Therapy and Sodium Diclofenac in Acute Inflammatory Response Induced by Skeletal Muscle Trauma: Effects in Muscle Morphology and m RNA Gene Expression of Inflammatory Markers. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 89(2), 501-507.

de Almeida, P., Tomazoni, S. S., Frigo, L., de Carvalho, P. D. T. C., Vanin, A. A., Santos, L. A., ... & Leal-Junior, E. C. P. (2014). What is the best treatment to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine release in acute skeletal muscle injury induced by trauma in rats: low-level laser therapy, diclofenac, or cryotherapy?. Lasers in medical science, 29(2), 653-658.

De Marchi, T., Leal Junior, E. C. P., Bortoli, C., Tomazoni, S. S., Lopes-Martins, R. Á. B., & Salvador, M. (2012). Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in human progressive-intensity running: effects on exercise performance, skeletal muscle status, and oxidative stress. Lasers in medical science, 27(1), 231-236.

de Souza, T. O. F., Mesquita, D. A., Ferrari, R. A. M., dos Santos Pinto, D., Correa, L., Bussadori, S. K., ... & Martins, M. D. (2011). Phototherapy with low-level laser affects the remodeling of types I and III collagen in skeletal muscle repair. Lasers in medical science, 26(6), 803-814.

Di Blasi, Z., Harkness, E., Ernst, E., Georgiou, A., & Kleijnen, J. (2001). Influence of context effects on health outcomes: a systematic review. The Lancet, 357(9258), 757-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04169-6

Djuraev, A. M., Alpisbaev, K. S., & Tapilov, E. A. (2021). The choice of surgical tactics for the treatment of children with destructive pathological dislocation of the hip after hematogenous osteomyelitis. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 5(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijhms.v5n1.1813

Dos Reis, F. A., da Silva, B. A. K., Laraia, E. M. S., de Melo, R. M., Silva, P. H., Leal-Junior, E. C. P., & de Carvalho, P. D. T. C. (2014). Effects of pre-or post-exercise low-level laser therapy (830 nm) on skeletal muscle fatigue and biochemical markers of recovery in humans: double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Photomedicine and laser surgery, 32(2), 106-112.

Engel, R. (2009). The treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain following the principles of the Fascial Distortion Modell (FDM).

Ernst, E. (2009). Wer heilt, hat nicht immer recht. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 121(5), 223-224.

Erthal, V., Da Silva, M. D., Cidral-Filho, F. J., Santos, A. R. S., & Nohama, P. (2013). ST36 laser acupuncture reduces pain-related behavior in rats: involvement of the opioidergic and serotonergic systems. Lasers in Medical Science, 28(5), 1345-1351.

Farivar, S., Malekshahabi, T., & Shiari, R. (2014). Biological effects of low level laser therapy. Journal of lasers in medical sciences, 5(2), 58.

Felismino, A. S., Costa, E. C., Aoki, M. S., Ferraresi, C., de Araújo Moura Lemos, T. M., & de Brito Vieira, W. H. (2014). Effect of low-level laser therapy (808 nm) on markers of muscle damage: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lasers in medical science, 29(3), 933-938.

Fink, M., Schiller, J., & Buhck, H. (2012). Wirksamkeit einer manuellen Behandlungstechnik nach dem Fasziendistorsionsmodell bei schmerzhaft eingeschränkter Schulterbeweglichkeit (Frozen Shoulder). Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, 150(04), 420-427.

Giroto, N., Hespanhol Junior, L. C., Gomes, M. R. C., & Lopes, A. D. (2017). Incidence and risk factors of injuries in Brazilian elite handball players: A prospective cohort study. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 27(2), 195-202.

Hall, A. M., Ferreira, P. H., Maher, C. G., Latimer, J., & Ferreira, M. L. (2010). The influence of the therapist-patient relationship on treatment outcome in physical rehabilitation: a systematic review. Physical therapy, 90(8), 1099-1110.

Hinman, R. S., Dobson, F., Takla, A., O'Donnell, J., & Bennell, K. L. (2014). Which is the most useful patient-reported outcome in femoroacetabular impingement? Test–retest reliability of six questionnaires. British journal of sports medicine, 48(6), 458-463.

Jenkins, P. A., & Carroll, J. D. (2011). How to report low-level laser therapy (LLLT)/photomedicine dose and beam parameters in clinical and laboratory studies. Photomedicine and laser surgery, 29(12), 785-787.

Jespersen, A., Dreyer, L., Kendall, S., Graven-Nielsen, T., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Bliddal, H., & Danneskiold-Samsoe, B. (2007). Computerized cuff pressure algometry: A new method to assess deep-tissue hypersensitivity in fibromyalgia. Pain, 131(1-2), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2006.12.012

Kim, M. K., & Lee, W. J. (2019). Effect of fascial distortion model on the pain and movement of neck patient. The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy, 31(1), 24-30.

Koo, T. K., Guo, J. Y., & Brown, C. M. (2013). Test-retest reliability, repeatability, and sensitivity of an automated deformation-controlled indentation on pressure pain threshold measurement. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 36(2), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.01.001

Leal Junior, E. C. P., Lopes-Martins, R. Á. B., de Almeida, P., Ramos, L., Iversen, V. V., & Bjordal, J. M. (2010). Effect of low-level laser therapy (GaAs 904 nm) in skeletal muscle fatigue and biochemical markers of muscle damage in rats. European journal of applied physiology, 108(6), 1083-1088.

Lederman, E. (2011). The fall of the postural-structural-biomechanical model in manual and physical therapies: exemplified by lower back pain. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 15(2), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2011.01.011

Mann, C. J., Perdiguero, E., Kharraz, Y., Aguilar, S., Pessina, P., Serrano, A. L., & Muñoz-Cánoves, P. (2011). Aberrant repair and fibrosis development in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle, 1(1), 1-20.

Moseley, G. L., & Butler, D. S. (2015). Fifteen years of explaining pain: the past, present, and future. The Journal of Pain, 16(9), 807-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.05.005

Nakano, J., Kataoka, H., Sakamoto, J., Origuchi, T., Okita, M., & Yoshimura, T. (2009). Low‐level laser irradiation promotes the recovery of atrophied gastrocnemius skeletal muscle in rats. Experimental physiology, 94(9), 1005-1015.

Park, G., Kim, C. W., Park, S. B., Kim, M. J., & Jang, S. H. (2011). Reliability and usefulness of the pressure pain threshold measurement in patients with myofascial pain. Annals of rehabilitation medicine, 35(3), 412-417.

Park, H. J., & Oh, T. Y. (2015). Effects of closed chain exercise on activities of shoulder girdle muscles in 60's. The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy, 27(4), 246-251.

Park, Y. N., & Bae, Y. S. (2014). Change of pain and breathing function following kinesio taping of myofascial pain in sternocleidomastoid muscle. The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy, 26(5), 302-307.

Rodrigues, N. C., Brunelli, R., de Araújo, H. S. S., Parizotto, N. A., & Renno, A. C. M. (2013). Low-level laser therapy (LLLT)(660 nm) alters gene expression during muscle healing in rats. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 120, 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.01.002

Rosell-Ortiz, F., Mellado-Vergel, F. J., Fernández-Valle, P., González-Lobato, I., Martínez-Lara, M., Ruiz-Montero, M. M., ... & del Águila, J. G. (2015). Initial complications and factors related to prehospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation. Emergency Medicine Journal, 32(7), 559-563.

Schlattner, U., Tokarska-Schlattner, M., & Wallimann, T. (2006). Mitochondrial creatine kinase in human health and disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1762(2), 164-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.09.004

Schulze, C., Finze, S., Bader, R., & Lison, A. (2014). Treatment of medial tibial stress syndrome according to the fascial distortion model: a prospective case control study. The Scientific World Journal, 2014.

Schunke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U., Rude, J., Voll, M., & Wesker, K. (2007). PROMETHEUS: Texto y atlas de anatomía: Cabeza y neuroanatomía. In Prometheus: texto y atlas de anatomía: cabeza y neuroanatomía (pp. XIII-472).

Serner, A., Weir, A., Tol, J. L., Thorborg, K., Roemer, F., Guermazi, A., ... & Hölmich, P. (2018). Characteristics of acute groin injuries in the hip flexor muscles—a detailed MRI study in athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(2), 677-685.

Takenori, A., Ikuhiro, M., Shogo, U., Hiroe, K., Junji, S., Yasutaka, T., ... & Miki, N. (2016). Immediate pain relief effect of low level laser therapy for sports injuries: Randomized, double-blind placebo clinical trial. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 19(12), 980-983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.03.006

Thalhamer, C. (2018). A fundamental critique of the fascial distortion model and its application in clinical practice. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 22(1), 112-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.07.009

Thorborg, K., Roos, E. M., Bartels, E. M., Petersen, J., & Hölmich, P. (2010). Validity, reliability and responsiveness of patient-reported outcome questionnaires when assessing hip and groin disability: a systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 44(16), 1186-1196.

Trung, N. D., Trung, N. T., Hong, N. T. T., Duyet, D. X., & Van, T. D. (2022). The actual status of physical education for high school learners through socializing in Vietnam. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(1), 304–311. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.4189

Typaldos, S. (2002). FDM: Clinical and theoretical application of the fascial distortion model within the practice of medicine and surgery. Orthopathic Global Health Publications.

Vatansever, F., Rodrigues, N. C., Assis, L. L., Peviani, S. S., Durigan, J. L., Moreira, F. M., ... & Parizotto, N. A. (2012). Low intensity laser therapy accelerates muscle regeneration in aged rats. Photonics & lasers in medicine, 1(4), 287-297.

Wien, (2012). European Fascial Distortion Model Association (EFDMA), Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Exerc Immunol Rev; 18: 42–97.

Wilharm, A., Hurschler, C., Dermitas, T., & Bohnsack, M. (2013). Use of Tekscan K-scan sensors for retropatellar pressure measurement avoiding errors during implantation and the effects of shear forces on the measurement precision. BioMed research international, 2013.

Yeh, N. G., Wu, C. H., & Cheng, T. C. (2010). Light-emitting diodes—Their potential in biomedical applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(8), 2161-2166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.02.015

Yoo, W. G. (2013). Changes in pressure pain threshold of the upper trapezius, levator scapular and rhomboid muscles during continuous computer work. Journal of physical therapy science, 25(8), 1021-1022.

Zagatto, A. M., de Paula Ramos, S., Nakamura, F. Y., de Lira, F. S., Lopes-Martins, R. Á. B., & de Paiva Carvalho, R. L. (2016). Effects of low-level laser therapy on performance, inflammatory markers, and muscle damage in young water polo athletes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Lasers in medical science, 31(3), 511-521.