Molecular detection of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes
Keywords:
foodborne illness, staphylococcus aureus, enterotoxin gene antibiotic resistanceAbstract
In this work, S. aureus isolates from meat and meat products were examined for frequency, profiles of antibiotic susceptibility, and virulence genes (seb, sea, sec, sed, see, and fme A). Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most economically important foodborne diseases in the world. S. aureus is a prominent food-borne pathogen and common food contamination across the world. Some S. aureus strains generate staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), which can cause staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most frequently studied foodborne bacteria due to its high pathogenicity, production of heat-stable enterotoxins, and its continued development of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Despite enterotoxigenic staphylococci being thermally killed, cooked beef products may still contain staphylococcal enterotoxins SEs since these toxins are thermo persistent and cannot be removed by heat processing. Therefore, this investigation into the frequency of MRSA genes in certain fresh meat and canned meat was done to learn more about the disease. A total of 80 random samples, Twenty meat samples from butchers, and sixty samples each of Luncheon, Tune, Chicken pieces, Minced meat, Grilled meat, Hamburger Fresh meat and Sausage from some supermarkets in Hilla city in Iraq.
Downloads
References
Abdel-Tawab, A. A., El-Hofy, F. I., Maarouf, A. A., & Abbas, S. A. (2016). Molecular detection of some virulence genes of S. aureus isolated from mastitic Cows by PCR. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 30(1), 238-245.
Al-Ashmawy, M. A., Sallam, K. I., Abd-Elghany, S. M., Elhadidy, M., & Tamura, T. (2016). Prevalence, molecular characterization, and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and dairy products. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 13(3), 156-162.
Ali, R., Al-Achkar, K., Al-Mariri, A., & Safi, M. (2014). Role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 15(3), 293-298.
Breijyeh, Z., Jubeh, B., & Karaman, R. (2020). Resistance of gram-negative bacteria to current antibacterial agents and approaches to resolve it. Molecules, 25(6), 1340.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2018). Staphylococcal (Staph) Food Poisoning. Staphylococcal (Staph) Food Poisoning.
Cheung, G. Y., Bae, J. S., & Otto, M. (2021). Pathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence, 12(1), 547-569.
Da Silva, E. R., do Carmo, L. S., & Da Silva, N. (2005). Detection of the enterotoxins A, B, and C genes in Staphylococcus aureus from goat and bovine mastitis in Brazilian dairy herds. Veterinary microbiology, 106(1-2), 103-107.
Fetsch, A., Contzen, M., Hartelt, K., Kleiser, A., Maassen, S., Rau, J., ... & Strommenger, B. (2014). Staphylococcus aureus food-poisoning outbreak associated with the consumption of ice-cream. International journal of food microbiology, 187, 1-6.
G. Abril, A., G. Villa, T., Barros-Velázquez, J., Cañas, B., Sánchez-Pérez, A., Calo-Mata, P., & Carrera, M. (2020). Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins and their detection in the dairy industry and mastitis. Toxins, 12(9), 537.
George, M. (2003). George, D., Mallery, P.(2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update.
Gurmu, E. B., & Gebretinsae, H. (2013). Assessment of bacteriological quality of meat contact surfaces in selected butcher shops of Mekelle city, Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health, 2(2), 61-66.
Haghi, F., Zeighami, H., Hajiloo, Z., Torabi, N., & Derakhshan, S. (2021). High frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food and clinical samples. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 40(1), 1-6.
Hernández-Cortez, C., Palma-Martínez, I., Gonzalez-Avila, L. U., Guerrero-Mandujano, A., Solís, R. C., & Castro-Escarpulli, G. (2017). Food poisoning caused by bacteria (food toxins). Poisoning: From specific toxic agents to novel rapid and simplified techniques for analysis, 33.
Khalafallah, B. M., El-Tawab, A., Awad, A., Nada, S., & Elkhayat, M. E. (2020). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of pseudomonas species isolated from frozen meat. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 39(2), 47-51.
Mathenge, J. M., Okemo, P. O., Ng’ang’a, P. M., Mbaria, J. M., & Gicheru, M. M. (2015). Identification of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains from meat and dairy products by multiplex PCR and reverse passive latex agglutination test in Nairobi, Kenya. East and Central Africa Medical Journal, 2, 97-103.
Mo Mohammed, G., & El Dahshan, H. A. N. A. N. (2016). Molecular Characterization Of Staph. Aureus And Some Enteric Bacteria Producing Toxins In Minced Meat Soled In Port-Said City Markets. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 62(151), 54-63.
Naas, H. T., Edarhoby, R. A., Garbaj, A. M., Azwai, S. M., Abolghait, S. K., Gammoudi, F. T., ... & Eldaghayes, I. M. (2019). Occurrence, characterization, and antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus in meat, meat products, and some seafood from Libyan retail markets. Veterinary World, 12(6), 925.
Nazari, R., Godarzi, H., Baghi, F. R., & Moeinrad, M. (2014). Enterotoxin gene profiles among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk. Iranian journal of veterinary research, 15(4), 409.
Omoe, K., Hu, D. L., Takahashi-Omoe, H., Nakane, A., & Shinagawa, K. (2005). Comprehensive analysis of classical and newly described staphylococcal superantigenic toxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. FEMS microbiology letters, 246(2), 191-198.
Omwenga, I. M. (2022). Pathotyping and antimicrobial resistance-characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in milk for human consumption in Marsabit and Isiolo Counties, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Omwenga, I., Aboge, G. O., Mitema, E. S., Obiero, G., Ngaywa, C., Ngwili, N., ... & Bett, B. (2019). Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes detected in milk from various livestock species in northern pastoral region of Kenya. Food Control, 103, 126-13.
Palavecino, E. L. (2020). Rapid methods for detection of MRSA in clinical specimens. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Protocols, 29-45.
Pourbabaee, M., Hadadi, M. R., Hooshyar, H., Pourbabaee, P., & Nazari-Alam, A. (2020). Prevalence of Staphylococcus Aureus in raw hamburgers from Kashan in 2017. International Archives of Health Sciences, 7(1), 47.
Puah, S. M., Chua, K. H., & Tan, J. A. M. A. (2016). Virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in ready-to-eat foods: detection of S. aureus contamination and a high prevalence of virulence genes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(2), 199.
Ruban, S. W., Babu, R. N., Robinson, J. J., Kumar, T. M. A., Kumarasamy, P., Porteen, K., & Raja, P. (2018). Molecular detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mutton marketed in retail outlets of Chennai, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 52(7), 1048-1052.
Sahin, S. E. Y. D. A., Mogulkoc, M. N., Kalin, R., & Karahan, M. (2020). Determination of the important toxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat samples, food handlers and food processing surfaces in Turkey. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 75(2), 42-49.
Samaha, I. A., Ibrahim, H., & Hamada, M. O. (2012). Isolation of some enteropathogens from retailed poultry meat in Alexandria Province. Alex. J. Vet. Sci, 37(1), 17-22.
Şanlıbaba, P. (2022). Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxin production of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from retail raw beef, sheep, and lamb meat in Turkey. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 361, 109461.
Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). Health and treatment of diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(1), i-v. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n1.2864
Syamaladevi, R. M., Tang, J., Villa‐Rojas, R., Sablani, S., Carter, B., & Campbell, G. (2016). Influence of water activity on thermal resistance of microorganisms in low‐moisture foods: a review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 15(2), 353-370.
Taylor, T. A., & Unakal, C. G. (2021). Staphylococcus aureus. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
Tiemersma, E. W., Bronzwaer, S. L., Lyytikäinen, O., Degener, J. E., Schrijnemakers, P., Bruinsma, N., ... & European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System Participants. (2004). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe, 1999–2002. Emerging infectious diseases, 10(9), 1627.
Turner, N. A., Sharma-Kuinkel, B. K., Maskarinec, S. A., Eichenberger, E. M., Shah, P. P., Carugati, M., ... & Fowler, V. G. (2019). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 17(4), 203-218.
Wang, W., Lin, X., Jiang, T., Peng, Z., Xu, J., Yi, L., ... & Baloch, Z. (2018). Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus cultured from raw milk taken from dairy cows with mastitis in Beijing, China. Frontiers in microbiology, 9, 1123.
Wang, X., Tao, X., Xia, X., Yang, B., Xi, M., Meng, J., ... & Xu, B. (2013). Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in retail raw chicken in China. Food control, 29(1), 103-106.
Widyaningrum , I. ., Wibisono, N. ., & Kusumawati, A. H. . (2020). Effect of extraction method on antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus of tapak liman (elephantopus scaber l.) leaves. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 3(1), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijhms.v3n1.181
Wu, S., Duan, N., Gu, H., Hao, L., Ye, H., Gong, W., & Wang, Z. (2016). A Review of the Methods for Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins. Toxins, 8(7), 176.
Yoon, S., Park, Y. K., Jung, T. S., & Park, S. B. (2022). Molecular Typing, Antibiotic Resistance and Enterotoxin Gene Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Humans in South Korea. Microorganisms, 10(3), 642.
Zakaria, I. M., Elsayed, S. N., & Sehim, A. E. (2021). Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Some Processed Chicken Meat Products. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology, 13(2), 49-58.
Zhou, J. (2021). Targeting Enzymes Involved in Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Gram-negative Bacteria (Doctoral dissertation, UCL (University College London)).
Zouharova, M., & Rysanek, D. (2008). Multiplex PCR and RPLA identification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigenic strains from bulk tank milk. Zoonoses and Public health, 55(6), 313-319.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
