Ca242 as a potential prognostic marker in colorectal cancer Iraqi patients

Mortada Basheer       Sabbar; Sarmad Mohammed   Zeiny; Mazin Judy Ibrahim

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6n7.11089

Authors

Mortada Basheer Sabbar Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Sarmad Mohammed Zeiny Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Mazin Judy Ibrahim Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Keywords:

Serum CEA, serum CA242, colorectal cancer, prognostic biomarker, oncology

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer-related mortality worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing among many nations. Aim of the study: Investigate the predictive value of carbohydrate antigen 242 (CA242) in comparison to the CEA biomarker and to estimate the significance of CA242 as prognosis maker in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: a case-control study with a total of 150 individuals, 100 patients (59 males, 41 females) and 50 healthy controls (26 males, 24 females). using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) to determine the serum levels of CA242 and CEA. The study was carried out at the gastroenterology consultation clinic of the oncology teaching hospital between November 2020 and February 2021in Baghdad, Iraq. Result: Patients with colorectal cancer had significantly higher CA242 levels than healthy controls (p >0.001) with a significant positive correlation between CA242 and CEA (r = 0.866, p >0.001). The CA242 ROC curve study revealed an AUC of 0.933, a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 88%, and a cutoff value of 45 U/ml. CA242 can serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

• Abancens, M., Bustos, V., Harvey, H., McBryan, J., & Harvey, B. J. (2020). Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer. Frontiers in Oncology, 10(December), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.607909.

• Amin, M. B., Greene, F. L., Edge, S. B., Compton, C. C., Gershenwald, J. E., Brookland, R. K., Meyer, L., Gress, D. M., Byrd, D. R., & Winchester, D. P. (2017). The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more "personalized" approach to cancer staging. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 67(2), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21388.

• Andrea, N., Sue, T., & Rajendra, K. (2014). Value of Monitoring Cea in Patients with Colon Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Annals of Oncology, 25(2), ii75. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu165.198.

• Arnold, M., Sierra, M. S., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2017). Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Gut, 66(4), 683–691. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310912.

• Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R. L., Torre, L. A., & Jemal, A. (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 68(6), 394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492ز

• Coker, O. O., Nakatsu, G., Dai, R. Z., Wu, W., Wong, S. H., Ng, S. C., Chan, F., Sung, J., & Yu, J. (2019). Enteric fungal microbiota dysbiosis and ecological alterations in colorectal cancer. Gut, 68(4), 654–662. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317178.

• Dekker, E., Tanis, P. J., Vleugels, J., Kasi, P. M., & Wallace, M. B. (2019). Colorectal cancer. Lancet (London, England), 394(10207), 1467–1480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32319-0.

• Dong, D., Jia, L., Zhang, L., Ma, N., Zhang, A., Zhou, Y., & Ren, L. (2018). Periostin and CA242 as potential diagnostic serum biomarkers complementing CA19.9 in detecting pancreatic cancer. Cancer science, 109(9), 2841–2851. https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.13712.

• Dou, H., Sun, G., & Zhang, L. (2019). CA242 as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer and other diseases. In Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science (1st ed., Vol. 162). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.12.007.

• Drewes, J. L., Housseau, F., & Sears, C. L. (2016). Sporadic colorectal cancer: microbial contributors to disease prevention, development and therapy. British journal of cancer, 115(3), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2016.189.

• Fang, Y. J., Lee, L. J. H., Luo, K. H., Fang, P. S., Yang, C. C., & Chuang, H. Y. (2022). The Association of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Air Pollutants—A Population-Based Study. Atmosphere, 13(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030466.

• Farhat, W., Azzaza, M., Mizouni, A., Ammar, H., Ben Ltaifa, M., Lagha, S., Kahloul, M., Gupta, R., Mabrouk, M. Ben, & Ali, A. Ben. (2019). Factors predicting recurrence after curative resection for rectal cancer: A 16-year study. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 17(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-019-1718-1.

• Foulkes W. D. (2008). Inherited susceptibility to common cancers. The New England journal of medicine, 359(20), 2143–2153. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0802968.

• Hammarström S. (1999). The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family: structures, suggested functions and expression in normal and malignant tissues. Seminars in cancer biology, 9(2), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1006/scbi.1998.0119.

• Hussein, A. A., Al-Janabi, S., Naseer, Z. H., & Hamody, T. A. (2017). Epidemiological Study of Cancers in Iraq-Karbala from 2008 to 2015. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 6(1), 79–86.

• Kastrinos, F., Samadder, N. J., & Burt, R. W. (2020). Use of Family History and Genetic Testing to Determine Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology, 158(2), 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.029.

• Lehtomäki, K., Mustonen, H., Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, P. L., Joensuu, H., Hermunen, K., Soveri, L. M., Boisen, M. K., Dehlendorff, C., Johansen, J. S., Haglund, C., & Osterlund, P. (2021). Lead time and prognostic role of serum cea, ca19-9, il-6, crp, and ykl-40 after adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cancers, 13(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153892.

• Limsui, D., Vierkant, R. A., Tillmans, L. S., Wang, A. H., Weisenberger, D. J., Laird, P. W., Lynch, C. F., Anderson, K. E., French, A. J., Haile, R. W., Harnack, L. J., Potter, J. D., Slager, S. L., Smyrk, T. C., Thibodeau, S. N., Cerhan, J. R., & Limburg, P. J. (2010). Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer risk by molecularly defined subtypes. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 102(14), 1012–1022. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djq201.

• Louis, P., Hold, G. L., & Flint, H. J. (2014). The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer. Nature reviews. Microbiology, 12(10), 661–672. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3344.

• Luo, H., Shen, K., Li, B., Li, R., Wang, Z., & Xie, Z. (2020). Clinical significance and diagnostic value of serum NSE, CEA, CA19-9, CA125 and CA242 levels in colorectal cancer. Oncology Letters, 20(1), 742–750. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11633.

• Muz, B., Abdelghafer, A., Markovic, M., Yavner, J., Melam, A., Salama, N. N., & Azab, A. K. (2021). Targeting e‐selectin to tackle cancer using uproleselan. Cancers, 13(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13020335.

• Pesola, F., Eloranta, S., Martling, A., Saraste, D., & Smedby, K. E. (2020). Family history of colorectal cancer and survival: a Swedish population-based study. Journal of Internal Medicine, 287(6), 723–733. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13036.

• Saito, G., Sadahiro, S., Kamata, H., Miyakita, H., Okada, K., Tanaka, A., & Suzuki, T. (2017). Monitoring of Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels after Curative Resection of Colon Cancer: Cutoff Values Determined according to Preoperative Levels Enhance the Diagnostic Accuracy for Recurrence. Oncology, 92(5), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.1159/000456075.

• Shen, K., Qin, X., Su, X., Yang, Y., Wang, H., Dai, H., Jiang, Y., Bai, J., & Chen, Z. (2020). Serum CA242: a biomarker for diagnosis, progression, and metastasis in multiple tumors. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-39787/v1.

o Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., Goding Sauer, A., Fedewa, S. A., Butterly, L. F., Anderson, J. C., Cercek, A., Smith, R. A., & Jemal, A. (2020). Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 70(3), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21601.

• Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., Fedewa, S. A., Ahnen, D. J., Meester, R., Barzi, A., & Jemal, A. (2017). Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 67(3), 177–193. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21395.

• Sisik, A., Kaya, M., Bas, G., Basak, F., & Alimoglu, O. (2013). CEA and CA 19-9 are still valuable markers for the prognosis of colorectal and gastric cancer patients. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 14(7), 4289–4294. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4289.

• Sørensen, C. G., Karlsson, W. K., Pommergaard, H. C., Burcharth, J., & Rosenberg, J. (2016). The diagnostic accuracy of carcinoembryonic antigen to detect colorectal cancer recurrence - A systematic review. International journal of surgery (London, England), 25, 134–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.11.065.

• Tan, E., Gouvas, N., Nicholls, R. J., Ziprin, P., Xynos, E., & Tekkis, P. P. (2009). Diagnostic precision of carcinoembryonic antigen in the detection of recurrence of colorectal cancer. Surgical oncology, 18(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2008.05.008.

• Vuik, F. E. R., Nieuwenburg, S. A. V., Bardou, M., Lansdorp-Vogelaar, I., Dinis-Ribeiro, M., Bento, M. J., Zadnik, V., Pellisé, M., Esteban, L., Kaminski, M. F., Suchanek, S., Ngo, O., Májek, O., Leja, M., Kuipers, E. J., & Spaander, M. C. W. (2019). Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults in Europe over the last 25 years. Gut, 1820–1826. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317592.

• White, A., Ironmonger, L., Steele, R. J. C., Ormiston-Smith, N., Crawford, C., & Seims, A. (2018). A review of sex-related differences in colorectal cancer incidence, screening uptake, routes to diagnosis, cancer stage and survival in the UK. BMC Cancer, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4786-7.

• Zhang, M., Dou, H., Yang, D., Shan, M., Li, X., Hao, C., Zhang, Y., Zeng, P., He, Y., Liu, Y., Fu, J., Wang, W., Hu, M., Li, H., Tian, Q., Lei, S., & Zhang, L. (2019). Retrospective analysis of glycan-related biomarkers based on clinical laboratory data in two medical centers during the past 6 years. Progress in molecular biology and translational science, 162, 141–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.01.003.

• Zhai, H., Huang, J., Yang, C., Fu, Y., & Yang, B. (2018). Serum CEA and CA19-9 levels are associated with the presence and severity of colorectal Neoplasia. Clinical Laboratory, 64(3), 351–356. https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2017.170914.

• Dilfy, S. H., Hanawi, M. J., Al-Bideri, A. W., & Jalil, A. T. (2020). Determination Of Chemical Composition Of Cultivated Mushrooms In Iraq With Spectrophotometrically And High Performance Liquid Chromatographic. Journal Of Green Engineering, 10, 6200-6216.

• Jalil, A. T., Al-Khafaji, A. H. D., Karevskiy, A., Dilfy, S. H., & Hanan, Z. K. (2021). Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique For Molecular Detection Of Hpv16 Infections Among Women With Cervical Cancer In Dhi-Qar Province. Materials Today: Proceedings. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Matpr.2021.05.211

• Jalil, A. T., Kadhum, W. R., Khan, M. U. F., Karevskiy, A., Hanan, Z. K., Suksatan, W., ... & Abdullah, M. M. (2021). Cancer Stages And Demographical Study Of Hpv16 In Gene L2 Isolated From Cervical Cancer In Dhi-Qar Province, Iraq. Applied Nanoscience, 1-7. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S13204-021-01947-9

• Widjaja, G., Jalil, A. T., Rahman, H. S., Abdelbasset, W. K., Bokov, D. O., Suksatan, W., ... & Ahmadi, M. (2021). Humoral Immune Mechanisms Involved In Protective And Pathological Immunity During Covid-19. Human Immunology. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Humimm.2021.06.011

• Moghadasi, S., Elveny, M., Rahman, H. S., Suksatan, W., Jalil, A. T., Abdelbasset, W. K., ... & Jarahian, M. (2021). A Paradigm Shift In Cell-Free Approach: The Emerging Role Of Mscs-Derived Exosomes In Regenerative Medicine. Journal Of Translational Medicine, 19(1), 1-21. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12967-021-02980-6

• Hanan, Z. K., Saleh, M. B., Mezal, E. H., & Jalil, A. T. (2021). Detection Of Human Genetic Variation In Vac14 Gene By Arma-Pcr Technique And Relation With Typhoid Fever Infection In Patients With Gallbladder Diseases In Thi-Qar Province/Iraq. Materials Today: Proceedings. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Matpr.2021.05.236

• Saleh, M. M., Jalil, A. T., Abdulkereem, R. A., & Suleiman, A. A. Evaluation Of Immunoglobulins, Cd4/Cd8 T Lymphocyte Ratio And Interleukin-6 In Covid-19 Patients. Turkish Journal Of Immunology, 8(3), 129-134. Https://Doi.Org/10.25002/Tji.2020.1347

• Turki Jalil, A., Hussain Dilfy, S., Oudah Meza, S., Aravindhan, S., M Kadhim, M., & M Aljeboree, A. (2021). Cuo/Zro2 Nanocomposites: Facile Synthesis, Characterization And Photocatalytic Degradation Of Tetracycline Antibiotic. Journal Of Nanostructures.

• Sarjito, Elveny, M., Jalil, A., Davarpanah, A., Alfakeer, M., Awadh Bahajjaj, A. & Ouladsmane, M. (2021). Cfd-Based Simulation To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Industrial Plants. International Journal Of Chemical Reactor Engineering, (), 20210063. Https://Doi.Org/10.1515/Ijcre-2021-0063

• Marofi, F., Rahman, H. S., Al-Obaidi, Z. M. J., Jalil, A. T., Abdelbasset, W. K., Suksatan, W., ... & Jarahian, M. (2021). Novel Car T Therapy Is A Ray Of Hope In The Treatment Of Seriously Ill Aml Patients. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 12(1), 1-23. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S13287-021-02420-8

• Jalil, A. T., Shanshool , M. T. ., Dilfy, S. H. ., Saleh, M. M., & Suleiman, A. A. . (2021). Hematological And Serological Parameters For Detection Of Covid-19. Journal Of Microbiology, Biotechnology And Food Sciences, E4229. Https://Doi.Org/10.15414/Jmbfs.4229

• Vakili-Samiani, S., Jalil, A. T., Abdelbasset, W. K., Yumashev, A. V., Karpisheh, V., Jalali, P., ... & Jadidi-Niaragh, F. (2021). Targeting Wee1 Kinase As A Therapeutic Approach In Hematological Malignancies. Dna Repair, 103203. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Dnarep.2021.103203

• Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). Get vaccinated when it is your turn and follow the local guidelines. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(3), x-xv. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n3.2938