Potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of nephrotic changes in type 2 diabetic patients
Keywords:
Diabetic nephropathy, Type 2 Diabetic patients, Lipid ProfileAbstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is metabolic disease with chronically elevated glucose levels, characterized by two main abnormalities: impairment of insulin secretion and decrease in insulin sensitivity. (1) Undiagnosed or poorly controlled, leads to complications such are blindness, renal insufficiency, amputation of lower extremities, heart disease, or stroke. Approximately 150 million people worldwide are affected by type 2 diabetes, with expectancy to double in next 20 years. Two factors are participating on clinical picture of type 2 diabetes: environment and genetics. (2) Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry at Index Medical College, Hospital and Research center, among the people attending the OP/IP departments, based on random selection. Informed consent was taken from the patients. Institutional Ethical Clearance Certificate was obtained. Number of samples: 150 samples were collected from the study subjects, of which Group A: 50 Normo-albuminuria, Group B: 50 Microalbuminuria and Group C: 50 Microalbuminuria with type 2 diabetes.
Downloads
References
Dwyer, J. P., Parving, H. H., Hunsicker, L. G., Ravid, M., Remuzzi, G. and Lewis, J. B. (2012) Renal Dysfunction in the Presence of Normoalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the DEMAND Study. Cardiorenal Med. 2, 1- 10
Ekinci, E. I., Jerums, G., Skene, A., et al. (2013) Renal structure in normoalbuminuric and albuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired renal function. Diabetes Care. 36, 3620-3626
James, M. T., Grams, M. E., Woodward, M., et al. (2015) A Meta-analysis of the Association of Estimated GFR, Albuminuria, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension With Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 66, 602-612
Krolewski, A. S., Niewczas, M. A., Skupien, J., et al. (2014) Early progressive renal decline precedes the onset of microalbuminuria and its progression to macroalbuminuria. Diabetes Care. 37, 226-234
Macisaac, R. J. and Jerums, G. (2011) Diabetic kidney disease with and without albuminuria. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 20, 246-257
Mahardika, I. M. R., Suyasa, I. G. P. D., Kamaryati, N. P., & Wulandari, S. K. (2021). Health literacy is strongest determinant on self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) type 2 DM patients during COVID-19 pandemic at public health centre in Tabanan Regency. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 4(3), 288-297. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijhms.v4n3.1752
Molitch, M. E., Steffes, M., Sun, W., et al. (2010) Development and progression of renal insufficiency with and without albuminuria in adults with type 1 diabetes in the diabetes control and complications trial and the epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study. Diabetes Care. 33, 1536-1543
Mora-Fernandez, C., Dominguez-Pimentel, V., de Fuentes, M. M., Gorriz, J. L., Martinez-Castelao, A. and Navarro-Gonzalez, J. F. (2014) Diabetic kidney disease: from physiology to therapeutics. J Physiol. 592, 3997-4012
Obeidat, M., Obeidat, M. and Ballermann, B. J. (2012) Glomerular endothelium: a porous sieve and formidable barrier. Exp Cell Res. 318, 964- 972
Pavenstadt, H., Kriz, W. and Kretzler, M. (2003) Cell biology of the glomerular podocyte. Physiol Rev. 83, 253-307
Pavkov, M. E., Knowler, W. C., Lemley, K. V., Mason, C. C., Myers, B. D. and Nelson, R. G. (2012) Early renal function decline in type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 7, 78-84
Penno, G., Solini, A., Bonora, E., et al. (2011) Clinical significance of nonalbuminuric renal impairment in type 2 diabetes. J Hypertens. 29, 1802- 1809
Penno, G., Solini, A., Zoppini, G., et al. (2012) Rate and determinants of association between advanced retinopathy and chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian multicenter study. Diabetes Care. 35, 2317-2323
Perkins, B. A., Ficociello, L. H., Ostrander, B. E., et al. (2007) Microalbuminuria and the risk for early progressive renal function decline in type 1 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 18, 1353-1361
Perkins, B. A., Ficociello, L. H., Roshan, B., Warram, J. H. and Krolewski, S. (2010) In patients with type 1 diabetes and new-onset microalbuminuria the development of advanced chronic kidney disease may not require progression to proteinuria. Kidney Int. 77, 57-64
Pugliese, G. (2014) Updating the natural history of diabetic nephropathy. Acta Diabetol. 51, 905-915
Retnakaran, R., Cull, C. A., Thorne, K. I., Adler, A. I., Holman, R. R. and Group, U. S. (2006) Risk factors for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 74. Diabetes. 55, 1832-1839
Skupien, J., Warram, J. H., Smiles, A. M., et al. (2012) The early decline in renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes and proteinuria predicts the risk of end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int. 82, 589-597
Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). Health and treatment of diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(1), i-v. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n1.2864
Teran, O. V. T., Tuarez, M. A. V., Quiroz, M. P. Z., & Martinez, M. E. M. (2019). Brain quadrant model learning styles. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v3n3.338
Thomas, M. C., Macisaac, R. J., Jerums, G., et al. (2009) Nonalbuminuric renal impairment in type 2 diabetic patients and in the general population (national evaluation of the frequency of renal impairment cO-existing with NIDDM [NEFRON] 11). Diabetes Care. 32, 1497-1502
Weinbaum, S., Tarbell, J. M. and Damiano, E. R. (2007) The structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx layer. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 9, 121- 167
Yokoyama, H., Sone, H., Oishi, M., et al. (2009) Prevalence of albuminuria and renal insufficiency and associated clinical factors in type 2 diabetes: the Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management study (JDDM15). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 24, 1212-1219
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.