The effect of computerized cognitive rehabilitation on visual-spatial ability and processing speed of students with a specific mathematical learning disorder
Keywords:
Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation, Visual-Spatial Ability, Processing Speed, Specific Mathematical Learning DisorderAbstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on visual-spatial ability and processing speed of students with a specific mathematical learning disorder. The research design was quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest with the control group, and a two-month follow-up. Among the fourth-grade male students with a specific mathematical learning disorder in Karaj, 40 people were selected by a convenience random sampling method, and with random replacement, they were divided into experimental and control groups. The subjects in the experimental group received the Captain's Log cognitive rehabilitation program individually for 12 sessions of 50-60 minutes. Data were collected by The Advanced Reaction Time Test, The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, and the Iran KeyMath Diagnostic Tests. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Computerized cognitive rehabilitation caused the experimental group to show shorter reaction time and more visual-spatial ability in the post-test and follow-up stages than the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs can improve students' visual-spatial ability and processing speed with a specific mathematical learning disorder.
Downloads
References
Akbari Fard, Hussein; Ahmadi, Ahmad; Fatehabadi, Ruhollah and Salehi, Hamed. (2019). The effectiveness of cognitive brain rehabilitation on information processing speed and period of psychological unresponsiveness in children with special learning disabilities. Journal of Neuropsychology, 5 (1), 52-41.
Akbarifar, H., Ahmadi, A., Fathabadi, R., & Saleh, H. (2020). The Effectiveness of Brain Cognitive Rehabilitation on Information Processing Speed and psychological refractory period in Children with Specific Learning Disorders. Neuropsychology, 5(4), 41-52. (Persian).
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
Ariyanpooran, S., Amiri manesh, M., Taghavi, D., & Haghtalab, T. (2014). Relationship between self-concept and academic motivation (reading, writing, and math) in elementary students with LD. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 4(1), 56-72. (Persian).
Arjmandnia, A. A., Sharifi, A., & Rostami, R. (2014). The effectiveness of computerized cognitive training on the performance of visual-spatial working memory of students with mathematical problems. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 3(4), 6-24. (Persian).
Arjmandnia, Ali Akbar; Sharifi, Ali and Rostami, Reza. (2014). The effectiveness of cognitive computer training program on visual-spatial working memory performance of students with mathematical problems. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 3 (4), 24-6.
A'zami, S. I., Moqaddas, A., Hemmati, F., & Ahmadi, A. (2013). Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation (CACR) and Psychostimulant Drugs in Planning Skill of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Clinical Psychology Studies, 3(10), 1-17. (Persian).
Azami, Saeed; Holy, Alireza; Hemmati, Fatemeh and Ahmadi, Amina. (1392). effect of computerized cognitive rehabilitation and psychotropic drugs on the programming ability of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Psychology Studies, 3 (10), 17-1.
Azizi, A., Mirdarikvand, F., & Sepahvandi, M. A. (2017). Comparison of cognitive rehabilitation, neurofeedback, and cognitive-behavioral play therapy on visual-motor perception in primary school students with a specific learning disability. Neuropsychology, 3(1), 103-118. (Persian).
Azizi, Amir; Mirdrikund, Fazlullah and Sepahvandi, Mohammad Ali. (2017). Comparison of cognitive rehabilitation training, neurofeedback and cognitive-behavioral play therapy on visual-motor perception in elementary students with special learning disabilities. Journal of Neuropsychology, 3 (1), 103-118.
Bahrami, Hadi (2004). Basics of psychological tests. Tehran: Allameh Tabataba'i University.
Bartelet, D., Ansari, D., Vaessen, A., & Blomert, L. (2014). Cognitive subtypes of mathematics learning difficulties in primary education. Research in developmental disabilities, 35(3), 657-670.
Buckley, J., Seery, N., & Canty, D. (2019). Investigating the use of spatial reasoning strategies in geometric problem-solving. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 29(2), 341-362.
Canivez, G. L., Watkins, M. W., & Dombrowski, S. C. (2017). Structural validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition: Confirmatory factor analyses with the 16 primary and secondary subtests. Psychological Assessment, 29(4), 458.
Castellanos, F. X., & Tannock, R. (2002). Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(8), 617-628.
Celeste, F., Muratori, M., Mapelli, M., & Pepi, M. (2017). The evolving role and use of echocardiography in evaluating the cardiac source of embolism. Journal of Cardiovascular echography, 27(2), 33.
Chiaravalloti, N. D., Goverover, Y., Costa, S. L., & DeLuca, J. (2018). A pilot study examining the speed of processing training (SPT) to improve processing speed in persons with multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in neurology, 9, 685.
Chisholm, J. D., Hickey, C., Theeuwes, J., & Kingstone, A. (2010). Reduced attentional capture in action video game players. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72(3), 667-671.
Churchill, J. D., Galvez, R., Colcombe, S., Swain, R. A., Kramer, A. F., & Greenough, W. T. (2002). Exercise, experience, and the aging brain. Neurobiology of Aging, 23(5), 941-955.
Ciesielski, K. T., Lesnik, P. G., Savoy, R. L., Grant, E. P., & Ahlfors, S. P. (2006). Developmental neural networks in children performing a Categorical N-Back Task. Neuroimage, 33(3), 980-990.
Dadsetan P. (2016). Language disorders: diagnosis and rehabilitation (SDA developmental psychology 3). Nine editions. Tehran, Samt publisher. (Persian).
Dadsetan, Parirokh. (2012). Language disorders: methods of diagnosis and rehabilitation. Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of University Humanities Books (samt).
Dockrell, J., & McShane, J. (1993). Children's learning difficulties: A cognitive approach. Wiley-Blackwell.
Esteki, M., Ashayery, H., Borjali, A., Tabrizy, M., & Delavar, A. (). A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of "Music Training" and "Bilateral Brain Training" in Amelioration of Dyscalculia Symptoms in Female Students. Research on Exceptional Children, 7(4), 425-448. (Persian).
Esteki, Mahnaz; Ashayeri, Hassan; Borjali, Ahmad; Tabrizi, Mustafa and Delavar, Ali. (2007). Comparison of the effectiveness of bi-hemisphere training and music training methods in improving the performance of female students' failure accounts. Research in Exceptional Children, 7 (4), 425-448.
Fine, A. H., & Kotkin, R. A. (Eds.). (2003). Therapist's guide to learning and attention disorders. Cambridge: Academic Press.
Finn, M., & McDonald, S. (2011). Computerized cognitive training for older persons with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial design pilot study. Brain Impairment, 12(3).
Gaitán, A., Garolera, M., Cerulla, N., Chico, G., Rodriguez‐Querol, M., & Canela‐Soler, J. (2013). Efficacy of an adjunctive computer‐based cognitive training program in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A single‐blind, randomized clinical trial. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 28(1), 91-99.
Geary, D. C. (2010). Mathematical disabilities: Reflections on cognitive, neuropsychological, and genetic components. Learning and individual differences, 20(2), 130-133.
Ghamarani, A., & Samadi, M. (2017). Cognitive Processes in Children with Special Needs: the Introduction and Application Theory of Neuropsychological PASS. Exceptional Education Journal, 1(144), 41-51. (Persian).
Ghamrani, Amir and Samadi, Maryam. (2017). Cognitive processes in children with special needs: Introduction and application of PASS neuropsychological theory. Exceptional Education, 1 (144), 51-41.
Goswami, U. (2019). Cognitive Development and Cognitive Neuroscience: The Learning Brain. London: Psychology Press.
Hamid, N. ().A Survey of Dyscalculia and the Effects of Practical Teaching, Token Economy Method and Relaxation Therapy on the Reduction of Arithmetics Difficulties of Primary School Students of Tehran. The Journal of Educational Sciences (JEDUS), 13(2), 119-136. (Persian).
Hanawi, S. A., Saat, N. Z. M., Zulkafly, M., Hazlenah, H., Taibukahn, N. H., Yoganathan, D., ... & Low, F. J. (2020). Impact of a Healthy Lifestyle on the Psychological Well-being of University Students. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences, 9(2), 1-7
Jacobson, L. A., Ryan, M., Martin, R. B., Ewen, J., Mostofsky, S. H., Denckla, M. B., & Mahone, E. M. (2011). Working memory influences processing speed and reading fluency in ADHD. Child Neuropsychology, 17(3), 209-224.
Karami, Abolfazl (2017). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition (WISC-V). Tehran: Psychometric Publications.
Kazemi, A. (2017). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fifth Edition (WISC-V). Tehran: Psychometric Publications. (Persian).
Kesler, S. R., Lacayo, N. J., & Jo, B. (2011). A pilot study of an online cognitive rehabilitation program for executive function skills in children with cancer-related brain injury. Brain Injury, 25(1), 101-112.
Kibby, M. Y., Vadnais, S. A., & Jagger-Rickels, A. C. (2019). Which components of processing speed are affected in ADHD subtypes?. Child Neuropsychology, 25(7), 964-979.
Lambert, K., & Spinath, B. (2018). Conservation abilities, visuospatial skills, and numerosity processing speed: association with math achievement and math difficulties in elementary school children. Journal of learning disabilities, 51(3), 223-235.
Lemberg, H. (2011). The Efficacy of Computerized Cognitive Training in Adults With ADHD: Change in ADHD Symptoms, Executive Functions and Quality of Life Following Three Months of Training. Hadassa Medical Organization, Jerusalem.
Lerner, J. W., & Johns, B. (2014). Learning disabilities and related disabilities: Strategies for success. Nelson Education.
Mirhashemi, M. (1992). Andre Ray's tangled images were standardized in 7-15-year-old and adult students in Tehran. Master Thesis, Karaj, Islamic Azad University, Branch. (Persian).
Mirhashemi, Malek. (1992). The Rey – Osterrieth complex figure standardization in Tehran's 7-15 year old and adult students. Master Thesis, Karaj, Islamic Azad University, Branch.
Moghadam, K., Estaki, M., Saadat, M., & Koshki, S. (2011). The Effect of Painting and Clay Education on Improvement of Visual-Spatial Perception and Visual Memory Skills in Dyscalculic Students. Iranian Journal of Exceptional Children, 11(2), 141-150. (Persian).
Moghaddam, Kaveh; Esteki, Mahnaz; Saadat, Mehrnaz and Koushki, Shirin. (2011). The effect of painting and pottery training on improving visual-spatial perception skills and visual memory of students with arithmetic problems. Iranian Quarterly of Exceptional Children, 2, 150-141.
Mohammadesmaeil, E., & Hooman, H. A. (2003). Adaptation and standardization of the IRAN KEY-MATH test of mathematics. Journal of Exceptional Children, 2(4), 323-332. (Persian).
Moll, K., Göbel, S. M., Gooch, D., Landerl, K., & Snowling, M. J. (2016). Cognitive risk factors for specific learning disorder: Processing speed, temporal processing, and working memory. Journal of learning disabilities, 49(3), 272-281.
Moschos, M. M. (2014). Physiology and psychology of vision and its disorders: a review. Medical Hypothesis, Discovery, and Innovation in Ophthalmology, 3(3), 83.
Mousavi Sadati, S. K., & Jirsaraei Bazargard, M. (2020). The Effect of SuperBrain Yoga Exercise on Fluid Intelligence, Visual-Spatial Perception, academic achievement and Balance in Children with Down syndrome. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 36(98), 151-168. (Persian).
Mousavi Sadati, S. K., Daneshjoo, A., & Jirsaraei Bazargard, M. (2019). Effectiveness of SuperBrain Yoga exercise on fluid intelligence, visual-spatial perception, academic achievement, and balance in slow-paced children. Empowering Exceptional Children, 10(4), 25-36. (Persian).
Mousavi Sadati, Seyed Kazem and Jirsarai Bazargard, Marjan. (2019). The effect of SuperBrain Yoga practice on fluid intelligence, spatial vision perception, academic achievement, and balance in children with Down syndrome. Journal of Exceptional Psychology, 36 (98), 168-151.
Narimani, M. (2013). The effectiveness of impulse control training on emotional processing, impulsivity, and distractibility of students with dyscalculia. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2(2), 101-122. (Persian).
Narimani, M., & Soleymani, E. (2013). The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on executive functions (working memory and attention) and academic achievement in students with a math learning disorder. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2(3), 91-115. (Persian).
Narimani, M., Soleymani, E., & Tabrizchi, N. (2015). The effect of cognitive rehabilitation on attention maintenance and math achievement in ADHD students. Journal of school psychology, 4(2), 135-142. (Persian).
Narimani, Mohammad; Soleimani, Ismail and Tabrizchi, Narges. (2015). Investigating the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on improving attention retention and mathematical academic achievement of students with ADH disorder. Journal of School Psychology, 4 (2), 134-118.
O'Connell, R. G., Bellgrove, M. A., Robertson, I. H.) 2007). Avenues for the neuro remediation of ADHD: lessons from clinical neurosciences. In: Fitzgerald M, Bellgrove M, Gill M, Editors. Handbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
Ojeda, N., Peña, J., Bengoetxea, E., Segarra, R., Sánchez, P. M., Elizagárate, E., ... & Gutiérrez, M. (2010). P03-122-Cognitive rehabilitation in executive functioning and processing speed in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis. European Psychiatry, 25(S1), 1-1.
Oraki, A., Boushehri, N. S., & Abedanzadeh, R. (2016). The Effect of the Normative Feedback to Reaction Time and Self-Efficacy with Intellectual Disability. Neuropsychology, 1(2), 97-110. (Persian).
Oraki, Amenah; Shetab Bushehri, Nahid and Abedanzadeh, Rasoul. (2016). The effect of normative feedback on reaction time and self-efficacy of mentally retarded female students. Journal of Neuropsychology, 2 (1), 110-97.
Possin, K. L. (2010). Visual-spatial cognition in neurodegenerative disease. Neurocase, 16(6), 466–487.
Ramezani, M. (2001). Prevalence of failure accounts in the fourth and fifth-grade students in Tehran Primary Schools. Tehran: Exceptional Children Research Center. (Persian).
Sadeghi, A., Rabiee, M., & Abedi, M. R. (2011). Validation and reliability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. Developmental Psychology: Journal of Iranian Psychologists, 7(28), 377-386. (Persian).
Sadeghi, Ahmad; Rabiee, Mohammad and Abedi, Mohammad Reza. (2015). Validation and validation of the fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Transformational Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 7 (28), 386-377.
Soleimani, Esmail; Sepehrian Azar, Firoozeh and Imandoost, Haleh. (2018). The effectiveness of cognitive-metacognitive strategies on the speed of information processing based on Stroop effect in students with learning disabilities. Journal of Clinical Psychology and Personality, 16 (1), 21-31.
Soleimanian, E., Sepehrian, A. F., & Imandoust, H. (2018). The Stroop test evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive-metacognitive strategies on information processing speed. Clinical Psychology and Personality, 16(1), 21-31. (Persian).
Suryasa, W. (2019). Towards a Change of Emotion in Translation of Kṛṣṇa Text. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 11(2), 1221-1231.
Svaerke, K. W., Omkvist, K. V., Havsteen, I. B., & Christensen, H. K. (2019). Computer-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation in Patients with Visuospatial Neglect or Homonymous Hemianopia after Stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 28(11), 104356.
Svaerke, K., Niemeijer, M., Mogensen, J., & Christensen, H. (2019). The effects of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation in patients with visuospatial neglect following stroke: a systematic review. Topics in stroke rehabilitation, 26(3), 214-225.
Swanson, H. L. (2015). Intelligence, working memory, and learning disabilities. In cognition, intelligence, and achievement (pp. 175-196). Academic Press.
Swanson, H. L., Harris, K. R., & Graham, S. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of learning disabilities. Guilford Press.
Tengsujaritkul, M., Louthrenoo, O., & Boonchooduang, N. (2020). Emotional/behavioral problems and functional impairment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. East Asian Archives of Psychiatry, 30(3), 79.
Toplak, M. E., Dockstader, C., & Tannock, R. (2006). Temporal information processing in ADHD: findings to date and new methods. Journal of neuroscience methods, 151(1), 15-29.
Wright, R., Thompson, W. L., Ganis, G., Newcombe, N. S., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2008). Training generalized spatial skills. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 15(4), 763-771.
Zaidel, D. W. (2015). Neuropsychology of art: Neurological, cognitive, and evolutionary perspectives. Psychology Press..
Бровко, К. А., Тернопільська, В. І., Чернуха, Н. М., Загородня, А. А., & Бахов, І. С. (2020). Research of motives for formation of corporate culture of students in the context of the paradigm of cognitive psychology. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education and Research, 10(2), 195-202.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.