The relationship between genetic diversity and fertility status of hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus isolated from   human and some intermediate hosts in Thi-Qar province / Iraq

Afaq T. Farhood; Sabeeh H. ALMayah; Mufid K. M. Abou Turab

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6nS6.11947

Authors

Afaq T. Farhood
afaq.path78@sci.utq.edu.iq
Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Iraq & Department of Pathological analysis, College of Sciences, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq.
Sabeeh H. ALMayah Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Iraq
Mufid K. M. Abou Turab Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Iraq

Keywords:

E.granulosus, hydatid cysts, cystic echinococcos haplotypes, sterile, polycystic ovarian disorder.

Abstract

The cestod Echinococcus granulosus produces hydatid cysts, which are an endemic zoonotic in Iraq. This study was conducted to assess the common strains and the effect of haplotype diversity on the fertility status isolated of hydatid cysts from livers of humans and other different organs of intermediate hosts (sheep, cattle, buffalo, and camels), by three mitochondrial DNA genes, including cox1, nad1 and atp6 extracted from the fertile cysts protoscolices and sterile cysts germinal layer. The result indicated that the sheep (G1 ,95%) and buffalo (G3, 5%) strains were responsible for the hydatid cyst infection. All isolates were recorded in the Genbank with numbers ranging from (OL655428- OL655447) for cox1, (OM117505-OM 117524) for nad1and (OM117525- OM117544) for atp6. The current study revealed windingly that no correlation between the haplotype of parasite and the sterility of hydatid cysts. Thus, our finding indicated that environmental factors might play a key role in the fertility of hydatid cysts.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Ataby , F. H.A . (2022) . Molecular Detection of cystic Echinococcosis among different host and study the Effect of some Aqueous Plants in vitro . Ph.D. thesis , College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Basrah , Iraq.

Al-Rishawi , K.M.A.(2019) .Molecular detection of Echinococcus granulosus strains causative of human and some farm animals’ hydatidosis in Al-Muthana province . M.sc thesis , College of Education, Al-Qadisiyah University, Iraq.(in Arabic) .

Al-Sadi,S.A.M ; Hansh,W.J.; Awad,A.H .(2021). Employing NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 1 in the Determination of Echinococcus granulosus strain in Sheep ,Cattle And Human in thi-Qar province , Iraq . Baghdad Sci. J., 18(2) :238 -246.

Al-Shimary , Z. M. S.M. (2019) . Molecular Study of Echinococcus granulosus for Hydatid Cysts Its Origin Some Intermediate Host and Using the Aqueous Extracts for Annona squamosal . M.sc thesis , College of Sciences for Women University of Babylon , Iraq .

Alvarez Rojas ,C.A.; Romig, T. Lightowlers, M.W. (2014) . Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes infecting humans--review of current knowledge. International j for parasitol. 44(1):9-18.

AL-Yaqoubi ,H.S.M.(2021) . Molecular and Morphological comparative study of Echinococcus spp. In intermediate host in Al-Nasiriyah city , south of Iraq . M.S.c.thesis, College of Science , University of Al-Qadisiyah , Iraq.

Andresiuk, V.; Simsek, S.; Lavikainen, A.; Irshadullah, M.; Umhang, G.; Oudni-

Bart , J.M.;Morariu ,S.; Knapp, J.; Ilie ,M.S.; Pitulescu, M.; Anghel, A. et al (2006). Genetic typing of Echinococcus granulosus in Romania. Parasitol Res , 98:130–137.

Cabrera, G.; Cabrejos, ME.; Morassutti ,AL.; Cabezón ,C.; Orellana, J.; Hellman, U. (2008 ) . DNA damage, RAD9 and fertility/infertility of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts. J Cell Physiol ;216: 498–506 .

Cucher, M. A.; Macchiaroli, N.; Baldi, G.; Camicia, F.; Prada, L.; Maldonado, L., ... & López, R. (2016). Cystic echinococcosis in South America: systematic review of species and genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in humans and natural domestic hosts. Tropical Medicine & International Health., 21(2): 166-175.‏

Daryani, A.; Sharif; M.; Amouei; A.; Nasrolahei, M.(2009). Fertility and viability rates of hydatid cysts in slaughtered animals in the Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod ;41:1701–5.

Deplazes, P.; Rinaldi, L.; Rojas, C. A.; Torgerson, P. R.; Harandi, M. F.; Romig, T., ... & Magambo, J. (2017). Global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. In Advances in parasitology. Academic Press.,‏ Vol. 95, pp: 315-493.

Dybicz ,M. ;Borkowski, P.K. ; Jonas, M.; Wasiak, D.; Małkowski, P.(2019) .First Report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Human Cases of Cystic Echinococcosis in Poland. BioMed Res ,Int. Apr 8 2019.

Esfedan, A. F.; Sarkari, B.; & Mikaeili, F. (2018). Genetic variability of antigen B8/1 among Echinococcus granulosus isolates from human, cattle, and sheep in Fars Province, Southern Iran. Reports of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology., 6(2): 164.

Fallah,M.; Shiri,A.; Maghsood,A.; Matini,M.(2021). Comparison of Biochemical Compounds of Fertile and Infertile Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Animaland Human Origin . Medical Laboratory J , May-Jun ; Vol: 15 ( 3) .

Haag, K.L. ; Gottstein, B.; Ayala, F.J., (2008). Taeniid history, natural selection and antigenic diversity: evolutionary theory meets helminthology. Trends Parasitol. 24, 96-102pp.

Hama, A.A.; Z.I. Hassan, W.M.; Mero, M. Interisano ; B. Boufana and A. Casulli (2015). Epidemiology/ : Open Access a Morphologically Unusual Echinococcus granulosus (G1 Genotype) Cyst in a Cow from Kurdistan - Iraq. 2–4. doi: 10.4172/2161- 1165.S2-005. Medicine. 16th ed. McGraw- Hill Professional Publisher, USA.

Hammad, S. J.; Cavallero, S.; Milardi, G. L. ; Gabrielli, S.; & Al-Nasiri, F. S. (2018). Molecular genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus in the North of Iraq. Veterinary parasitol ., 249: 82-87pp.

Hansh ,W.J.(2016) . Biological Study and Molecular Identification on Hydatidosis in Intermediate Hosts Depending on Sequence Analysis for rDNA – ITS1 and mtcox1 Genes in Thi-Qar Province .Ph .D thesis , University of Basrah . (in Arabic).

Higuita, N. I. A.; Brunetti, E., & McCloskey, C. (2016). Cystic echinococcosis. Journal of clinical microbiology., 54(3): 518-523.‏

Kamenetzky, L.; Canova, SG.; Guarnera, EA.; Rosenzvit, MC. (2000). Echinococcus granulosus: DNA extraction from germinal layers allows strain determination in fertile and nonfertile hydatid cysts. Exp Parasitol 95:122–127.

Khademvatan S. ; Majidiani H. ; Foroutan, M.; Tappeh, KH.; Aryamand S. ; Khalkhali H. (2019) . Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran: a systematic review. J ,Helminthol ; 93(2):131-8 .

Kinkar, L.; Laurimäe, T.; Sharbatkhori, M.; Mirhendi, H.; Kia, E.B.; Ponce-Gordo, F.;

Kumar, S.; Stecher, G.; Li M.; Knyaz, C.; and Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution; 35:1547-1549.

Lahmar, S.; Debbek, H.; Zhang, LH.; McManus, DP.; Souissi, A.; Chelly, S.; Torgerson, PR. (2004). Transmission dynamics of the Echinococcus granulosus sheep-dog strain (G1 genotype) in camels in Tunisia. Vet Parasitol 121:151– 156.

Laurimäe, T. ; Kinkar, L.; Romig, T.; Omer, R.A.; Casulli, A.; Umhang, G.; Gasser, R.; Jabbar, A.; Sharbatkori, M.; Mirhendi, H.; Ponce-Gordo, F.; Lazzarini, L.; Soriano, S.V.; Varcasia, A.; Rostami-Nejad, M.; Andresiuk, V, ; Maravilla, P.; González, L.; Dybicz, M.; Gawor, J.; Šarkunas, M.; Snabel, V.; Kuzmina, T.; Saarma, U. ( 2018). The benefits of analysing complete mitochondrial genomes: deep insights into the phylogeny and population structure of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes G6 and G7. Infect. Genet. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.016 .

Lazim, A. R. (2019). Epidemiological And Molecular Study Of Hydatid Cyst In Human And Animals In Basrah City. M.Sc. Thesis. College of Veterinary Medicine. University of Basrah , Iraq.

Lymbery, A.J. (2017). Phylogenetic pattern, evolutionary processes and species delimitation in the Genus Echinococcus. Advances in Parasitol ;95 , 111-145 pp.

M’rad, M.; Acosta-Jamett, G.; Rehbein, S.; Saarma, U. (2017). New mitogenome and nuclear evidence on the phylogeny and taxonomy of the highly zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Infect. Genet. Evol. 52, 52–58. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.023.

Macpherson, C. N. L. (1985). Epidemiology of hydatid disease in Kenya. A study of the domestic intermediate hosts in Masuil and Traan. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 79(2): 209– 217.

Nakao, M.; Lavikainen, A. ; Iwaki, T.; Haukisalmi, V.; Konyaev, S.; Oku, Y., Okamoto, M.; Ito, A.; (2013a). Molecular phylogeny of the genus Taenia (Cestoda: Taeniidae): proposals for the resurrection of Hydatigera Lamarck, 1816 and the creation of the new genus Versteria. Int. J. Parasitol.; 43, 427-437.

Nakao, M.; Lavikainen, A.; Yanagida, T.; Ito, A.; (2013b). Phylogenetic systematics of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Int. J. Parasitol.; 43, 1017-1029 .

Nakao, M.; Xiao, N.; Okamoto, M.; Yanagida, T.; Sako, Y.; Ito, A. (2009). Geographic pattern of genetic variation in the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitol. Int.; 58, 384-389.

Nakao,M.; Li,T.; Han, X. ; Ma, X.; Xiao, N.; Qiu, J.; Wang,H.; Yanagida, T.; Mamuti, W.; Wen, H.; Moro, P.L.; Giraudoux, P.; Craig, P.S. & Ito, A. (2010) . Genetic polymorphisms of Echinococcus tapeworms in China as determined by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. International J of Parasitology ;40: 379–385.

Paredes ,R.; Jiménez ,V.; Cabrera ,G.; Iragüen , D.; Galanti, N. (2007).Apoptosis as a possible mechanism of infertility in Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts. J Cell Biochem ;100: 1200–9.

Riesle ,S.; García,M.P.; Hidalgo,C.; Galanti,G.; Sáenz,L.; Paredes,L.(2014) . Bovine IgG subclasses and ferti 1 lity of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts . Accepted Manuscript, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.06.003 .

Romig, T.; Deplazes, P.; Jenkins, D.; Giraudoux, P.; Massolo, A.; Craig, P. S.; ... & De La Rue, M. (2017). Ecology and life cycle patterns of Echinococcus species. In Advances in parasitol . Academic Press., Vol. 95, 213-314 pp:

Rostami Nejad , M. ; Taghipour , N.; Nochi, Z.; Mojarad ,EN.; Mohebbi, S.; Harandi ,M.F, et al.(2012). Molecular identification of animal isolates of Echinococcus granulosus from Iran using four mitochondrial genes. J of helminthology ; 86(04):485-92.

Santi, L. K. S., Sudewi, A. A. R., Duarsa, D. P., & Lesmana, C. B. J. (2021). The effect of pregnancy massage on level of depression, anxiety and stress in pregnant women. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 4(2), 220-225. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijhms.v4n2.1692

Sharbatkhori ,M. ; Mirhendi, H. ; Jex, AR.; Pangasa ,A.; Campbell, BE.; Kia, EB et al.(2009). Genetic categorization of Echinococcus granulosus from humans and herbivorous hosts in Iran using an integrated mutation scanning‐phylogenetic approach. Electrophoresis. 30(15):2648-55.

Smyth, J. D. and Barrett, N. J. (1980). Procedure for testing the viability of human hydatid cysts following surgical removal, especially after chemotherapy. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 74: 649 – 652.

Thompson, R. C. A. (2017). Biology and systematics of Echinococcus. In Advances in parasitol . Academic Press., Vol.95, 65-109pp .

Vatankhah, A.; Assmar, M.; Vatankhah, GR.; Shokrgozar, MA. (2003). Immunochemical characterization of alkaline phosphatase from the fluid of sterile and fertile Echinococcus granulosus cysts. Parasitol Res 90:372–376.

Wassermann, M.; Woldeyes, D.; Gerbi, B.M.; Ebi, D.; Zeyhle, E.; Mackenstedt, U.; Petros, B.; Tilahun, G.; Kern, P.; Romig, T. (2016). A novel zoonotic genotype related to Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto from southern Ethiopia. Int. J. Parasitol. 46, 663–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.04.005 .

Widana, I.K., Sumetri, N.W., Sutapa, I.K., Suryasa, W. (2021). Anthropometric measures for better cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 29(3), 550–561. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22202

Zhang ,W.; Li , J.; McManus, D.P.(2003). Concepts in immunology and diagnosis of hydatid disease. Clin Microbiol Rev ;16:18–36.

Ziadinov, I.; Deplazes, P.; Mathis, A.; Mutunova, B.; Abdykerimov, K.; Nurgaziev, R.; Torgerson, P.R. ( 2010). Frequency distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis and other helminths of foxes in Kyrgyzstan. Vet. Parasitol ; 171, 286-292.