Geochemistry study of black shale in Barzewa and Warte Sections, Sargelu Formation, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Keywords:
geochemistry, mineralogy, black shale, ultrasound, FTIR spectrumAbstract
Sargelu Formation (Middle Jurassic) is characterized by a wide geographical distribution in Iraq and neighboring countries. This study includes two sections Barzewa and Warte locations in Erbil Governorate of Kurdistan region, Iraq, the organic, inorganic Geochemistry and mineralogical properties were recorded. Fifteen samples of Sargelu Formation black shales were gathered from both locations. The source rocks of the black shales have an intermediate to felsic composition. The illite crystallinity index (IC) of the studied black shale shows the high anchizone stage. The organic geochemical parameters were analyzed in Sargelu Formation, the black shale contains type II - III kerogen. The average total organic carbon (TOC) of black shale for both section is 4.29 wt.%. By using the ultrasound homogenizer process the C-H bond (hydrocarbon component) of black shale recovered from the solid state to the liquid state.
Downloads
References
ABDULA, R. A., BALAKY, S. M., NURMOHAMADI, M. & PIROUI, M. 2015. Microfacies analysis and depositional environment of the Sargelu Formation (Middle Jurassic) from Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq. Donnish Journal of Geology and Mining Research, 1, 001-026.
ABRAMENKO, D. S., LEVIN, S. N., KHMELEV, S. S. & KUZOVNIKOV, Y. M. The ultrasonic flowing reactor for intensive ultrasonic processing of liquids in thin layer. 2008 9th International Workshop and Tutorials on Electron Devices and Materials, 2008. IEEE, 219-222.
AL-AMERI, T. K. & AL-NAGSHBANDI, S. F. 2015. Age assessments and palynofacies of the Jurassic oil source rocks succession of North Iraq. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8, 759-771.
AL-AMERI, T. K. & ZUMBERGE, J. 2012. Middle and upper jurassic hydrocarbon potential of the zagross fold Belt, North Iraq. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 36, 13-34.
AL-AMERI, T. K., NAJAF, A. A., AL-KHAFAJI, A. S., ZUMBERGE, J. & PITMAN, J. 2014. Hydrocarbon potential of the Sargelu formation, North Iraq. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 7, 987-1000.
AQRAWI, A., GOFF, J., HORBURY, A. & SADOONI, F. 2010. The petroleum Geology of Iraq. Scientific press Ltd. Beaconsfield UK.
BELLEN, R. V., DUNNINGTON, H., WETZEL, R. & MORTON, D. 1959. Lexique stratigraphique international. Asie, Iraq, 3, 324.
BEYDOUN, Z. 1986. The petroleum resources of the Middle East: a review. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 9, 5-27.
BEYDOUN, Z., CLARKE, M. H. & STONELEY, R. 1992. Petroleum in the Zagros basin: a late tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto the outer edge of a vast hydrocarbon-rich paleozoic-mesozoic passive-margin shelf: chapter 11.
BUDAY, T. 1980. The regional geology of Iraq: stratigraphy and paleogeography, State Organization for Minerals, Directorate General for Geological Survey ….
COX, R., LOWE, D. R. & CULLERS, R. 1995. The influence of sediment recycling and basement composition on evolution of mudrock chemistry in the southwestern United States. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 2919-2940.
DAI, L. Q., ZHAO, Z. F., ZHENG, Y. F. & ZHANG, J. 2015. Source and magma mixing processes in continental subduction factory: Geochemical evidence from postcollisional mafic igneous rocks in the D abie orogen. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16, 659-680.
DAI, S., REN, D., CHOU, C.-L., FINKELMAN, R. B., SEREDIN, V. V. & ZHOU, Y. 2012. Geochemistry of trace elements in Chinese coals: a review of abundances, genetic types, impacts on human health, and industrial utilization. International Journal of Coal Geology, 94, 3-21.
DELLISANTI, F., PINI, G. A. & BAUDIN, F. 2010. Use of Tmax as a thermal maturity indicator in orogenic successions and comparison with clay mineral evolution. Clay minerals, 45, 115-130.
ESPITALIÉ, J. & BORDENAVE, M. 1993. Screening techniques for source rocks evaluation; tools for source rocks routine analysis; Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Applied petroleum geochemistry: Paris, Editions Technip, 261-273.
FREY, R. W. & SEILACHER, A. 1980. Uniformity in marine invertebrate ichnology. Lethaia, 13, 183-207.
HAKIMI, M. H. & NAJAF, A. A. 2016. Origin of crude oils from oilfields in the Zagros Fold Belt, southern Iraq: Relation to organic matter input and paleoenvironmental conditions. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 78, 547-561.
HAKIMI, M. H., MOHIALDEEN, I. M., ABDULLAH, W. H., WIMBLEDON, W., MAKEEN, Y. M. & MUSTAPHA, K. A. 2015. Biomarkers and inorganic geochemical elements of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous limestone sediments from Banik Village in the Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq: implications for origin of organic matter and depositional environment conditions. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8, 9407-9421.
HAYASHI, K.-I., FUJISAWA, H., HOLLAND, H. D. & OHMOTO, H. 1997. Geochemistry of∼ 1.9 Ga sedimentary rocks from northeastern Labrador, Canada. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 61, 4115-4137.
HE, J., DUAN, Y., ZHANG, X., WU, B. & XU, L. 2011. Hydrocarbon generation conditions of the shale in niutitang formation of lower cambrian, southern chongqing and northern Guizhou. Marine Geology Frontiers, 27, 34-40.
JASSIM, S. Z. & GOFF, J. C. 2006. Geology of Iraq, DOLIN, sro, distributed by Geological Society of London.
KÜBLER, B. & JABOYEDOFF, M. 2000. Illite crystallinity. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences-Series IIA-Earth and Planetary Science, 331, 75-89.
LANGFORD, F. & BLANC-VALLERON, M.-M. 1990. Interpreting Rock-Eval pyrolysis data using graphs of pyrolizable hydrocarbons vs. total organic carbon. AAPG bulletin, 74, 799-804.
LI, X., ZHANG, J., WU, C., HONG, T., ZHENG, Y., LI, C., LI, B., LI, R., WANG, Y. & LIU, X. 2021. Experimental Research on the Effect of Ultrasonic Waves on the Adsorption, Desorption, and Seepage Characteristics of Shale Gas. ACS omega, 6, 17002-17018.
MARTIN, A. Z. 2001. Late Permian to Holocene paleofacies evolution of the Arabian Plate and its hydrocarbon occurrences. GeoArabia, 6, 445-504.
MASON, T. J. & LORIMER, J. P. 2002. Applied sonochemistry: the uses of power ultrasound in chemistry and processing, Wiley-Vch Weinheim.
MCLENNAN, S. & TAYLOR, S. 1991. Sedimentary rocks and crustal evolution: tectonic setting and secular trends. The Journal of geology, 99, 1-21.
MCLENNAN, S. M. 1993. Weathering and global denudation. The Journal of Geology, 101, 295-303.
MCLENNAN, S., HEMMING, S., TAYLOR, S. & ERIKSSON, K. 1995. Early Proterozoic crustal evolution: Geochemical and NdPb isotopic evidence from metasedimentary rocks, southwestern North America. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 1153-1177.
MOOSAVIRAD, S., JANARDHANA, M., SETHUMADHAV, M., MOGHADAM, M. & SHANKARA, M. 2011. Geochemistry of lower Jurassic shales of the Shemshak Formation, Kerman Province, Central Iran: Provenance, source weathering and tectonic setting. Geochemistry, 71, 279-288.
MURRIS, R. 1980. Middle East: stratigraphic evolution and oil habitat. AAPG Bulletin, 64, 597-618.
NESBITT, H. & YOUNG, G. 1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. nature, 299, 715-717.
PETERS, K. E. & CASSA, M. R. 1994. Applied source rock geochemistry: Chapter 5: Part II. Essential elements.
PITMAN, J. K., STEINSHOUER, D. & LEWAN, M. D. 2004. Petroleum generation and migration in the Mesopotamian Basin and Zagros Fold Belt of Iraq: results from a basin-modeling study. GeoArabia, 9, 41-72.
RAINER, T., HERLEC, U., RANTITSCH, G., SACHSENHOFER, R. F. & VRABEC, M. 2002. Organic matter maturation vs clay mineralogy: A comparison for Carboniferous to Eocene sediments from the Alpine-Dinaride junction (Slovenia, Austria). Geologija, 45, 513-518.
RUDNICK, R., GAO, S., HOLLAND, H. & TUREKIAN, K. 2003. Composition of the continental crust. The crust, 3, 1-64.
SEGONZAC, G. D. 1970. Transformation of clay minerals during diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism: a review. Sedimentology.
SHARLAND, P., CASEY, D., DAVIES, R., SIMMONS, M. & SUTCLIFFE, O. 2001. Arabian plate sequence stratigraphy (Vol. 2, p. 371). Bahrain: Gulf PetroLink.
SISSAKIAN, V. K., AL-ANSARI, N. & ABDULLAH, L. H. 2020. Neotectonic activity using geomorphological features in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 38, 4889-4904.
Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). Get vaccinated when it is your turn and follow the local guidelines. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(3), x-xv. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n3.2938
TAYLOR, S. R. & MCLENNAN, S. M. 1985. The continental crust: its composition and evolution.
TOURTELOT, H. A. 1979. Black shale—its deposition and diagenesis. Clays and clay minerals, 27, 313-321.
YAMAMOTO, K., SUGISAKI, R. & ARAI, F. 1986. Chemical aspects of alteration of acidic tuffs and their application to siliceous deposits. Chemical Geology, 55, 61-76.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.








