Gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with COVID-19 it’s correlation with overall clinical outcomes
Keywords:
coronavirus, COVID-19, gastrointestinal tract manifestations, SARS-CoV-2Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not just a disease of the respiratory system. The virus can affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as well. Recognizing the various manifestations in every organ system is important because these manifestations can contribute to community-based transmission. Aim: The aim of this study is to report the impact of gastrointestinal associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in our COVID-19 isolation department at Queen Alia Military Hospital, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan between Mar 2020 and Sep 2021 for all eligible COVID-19 infected hospitalized patients. Because of the retrospective nature of our research, a sign consent form was waived. All admitted COVID-19 infected patients, who were admitted for at least 3 days and whose retrieved data from our electronic medical record system (Hakeem) were available, were grouped into either Higher Liver Disease Status (Status I) and Lower Liver Disease Status (Status II). Higher versus lower liver disease statuses were based on Child-Pugh Score ≥8 or <8, respectively. An independent T-Tests was used to analyze the non-parametric and parametric outcomes’ data.
Downloads
References
Arentz, M. et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of 21 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in Washington State. JAMA https :// doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4326 (2020).
Chai, X. et al. Specific ACE2 expression in cholangiocytes may cause liver damage after 2019-nCoV infection. J, bioRxiv https :// doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.03.93176 6 (2020).
Cui, J., Li, F. & Shi, Z. L. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 17, 181–192. https ://doi. org/10.1038/s4157 9-018-0118-9 (2019).
Feng, Y. & Gao, G. F. Towards our understanding of SARS-CoV, an emerging and devastating but quickly conquered virus. Comp Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 30, 309–327. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid .2007.05.009 (2007).
Giannini, E. G., Testa, R. & Savarino, V. Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians. CMAJ 172, 367–379. https ://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.10407 52 (2005).
Guan, W. J. et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med. https ://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMo a2002 032 (2020).
Hoffmann, M. et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 (2020).
Huang, C. et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395, 497–506. https :// doi.org/10.1016/S0140 -6736(20)30183 -5 (2020).
Hui, D. S. et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: risk factors and determinants of primary, household, and nosocomial transmission. Lancet Infect. Dis. 18, e217–e227. https ://doi.org/10.1016/S1473 -3099(18)30127 -0 (2018).
Jung, K., Pergande, M., Rej, R., Schreiber, G. & Schimmelpfennig, W. Mitochondrial enzymes in human serum: comparative determinations of glutamate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in healthy persons and patients with chronic liver diseases. Clin. Chem. 31, 239–243 (1985).
Kumar, M. P. et al. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the liver: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol. Int. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1207 2-020-10071 -9 (2020).
Liang, W. et al. Diarrhoea may be underestimated: a missing link in 2019 novel coronavirus. Gut https ://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-32083 2 (2020).
Lu, R. et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 395, 565–574. https ://doi.org/10.1016/S0140 -6736(20)30251 -8 (2020).
Mahase, E. Covid-19: WHO declares pandemic because of “alarming levels” of spread, severity, and inaction. BMJ 368, m1036. https ://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1036 (2020).
S Wong SH, Lui RNS, Sung JJY.. COVID-19 and the digestive system. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;35:744–8 .
Strnad, P., Tacke, F., Koch, A. & Trautwein, C. Liver - guardian, modifier and target of sepsis. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14, 55–66. https ://doi.org/10.1038/nrgas tro.2016.168 (2017).
World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. https ://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel -coronavirus-2019/ situation-reports/. Accessed 25 may 2022.
Young, B. E. et al. Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA https ://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3204 (2020).
Zhang, C., Shi, L. & Wang, F. S. Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 5, 428–430. https ://doi.org/10.1016/S2468 -1253(20)30057 -1 (2020).
Zhang, H. et al. The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes. J. bioRxiv https ://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.30.92780 6 (2020).
Zhou, F. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 395, 1054–1062. https ://doi.org/10.1016/S0140 -6736(20)30566 -3 (2020).
Zhou, Z. et al. Effect of gastrointestinal symptoms on patients infected with COVID-19. Gastroenterology https ://doi.org/10.1053/j gastr o.2020.03.020 (2020).
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.








