Gender wise difference in depression level amongst patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Keywords:
Gender, depression, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Background: The World Health Organization estimates that 220 million individuals worldwide have diabetes mellitus, with 80% of those people living in poor nations and a death rate of 5% annually. Objective: To assess the gender wise difference in depression level amongst patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: The current cross sectional study was carried out at Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta from August 2019 to August 2020. Informed consent was taken in written from all the participants. A pre-designed proforma was then used to collect all the required information’s. The SPSS version 24.0 was used to input and analyze the data. Results: In our study, a total of 120 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled. The male participants in our study were 60 (50%) while female participants were 60 (50%). The mean age (SD) in our study was 46 (12.1) years. Based on the gender wise difference of depression amongst diabetic patients, mild depression was observed amongst 36 (30%) females and 27 (22.5%) males; Moderate depression was observed amongst 18 (15%) females and 9 (7.5%) males while severe depression was observed amongst 28 (23.33%) females and 18 (15%) males.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Diabetes 2010. [Cited on 07-08-2015] Available from URL: http:/www.who.int/diabetes/ en/
International Diabetes Federation. Dia- betes Blue circle Symbol. 2006. [Cited on 07-08-2015] Available from URL: https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestational_diabe- tes#cite_note-1
International Diabetes Federation. The IDF Diabetes Atlas (Ed) 2011; Brussels: International Diabetes Federation.
World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region. 2010. [Cited on 07-08-2015] Available from URL: http:// www.who.int/diabetes facts/world figures/ en/index2.html.
Shera AS, Jawad F, Masood A. Prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007 May 31;76(2):219-22.
American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32(1):13-61.
Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Wasserman DH, Castaneda-Sceppa C, White RD. Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2006 Jun 1;29(6):1433-38.
Rhee MK, Slocum W, Ziemer DC, Culler SD, Cook CB, El-Kebbi IM, et al. Patient Adherence Improves Glycemic Control. Diabetes Educ 2005 March 1;31(2): 240-50.
DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompli- ance with medical treatment: meta-analy- sis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med 2000 Jul 24;160(14):2101-7.
10.Lustman PJ, Clouse RE. Depression in diabetic patients: the relationship between mood and glycemic control. J Diabetes Complications 2005 April 30;19(2): 113-22.
de Groot M, Anderson R, Freedland K, Clouse RE, Lustman PJ. Association of depression and diabetes complications: meta-analysis. Psychosom Med 2001 Jul 1;63(4):619-30.
Black SA, Markides KS, Ray LA. De- pression predicts increased incidence of adverse health outcomes in older persons with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003 Oct 1;26(10):2822-8.
Zuberi SI, Syed EU, Bhatti JA. Association of depression with treatment outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A cross sec- tional study from Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Psychiatry 2011 Feb 15;11(1):1.
Gary TL, Crum RM, Cooper-Patrick LI, Ford DA, Brancati FL. Depressive symp- toms and metabolic control in African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000 Jan 1;23(1):23-9.
Sahota PK, Knowler WC, Looker HC. De- pression, Diabetes, and Glycemic Control in an American Indian Community. J Clin Psychiatr 2008 May;69(5):800.
Asghar S, Hussain A, Ali SM, Khan AK, Magnusson A. Prevalence of depression and diabetes: a population-based study from rural Bangladesh. Diabet Med 2007 Aug 1;24(8):872-7.
Goldney RD, Phillips PJ, Fisher LJ, Wilson DH. Diabetes, depression and quality of life: a population study. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1066–1070.
Alonso J, Angermeyer MC, Bernert S, Bruffaerts R, Brugha TS, Bryson H, et al. Disability and quality of life impact of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004;420(1):38-46.
Rosland AM, Piette JD. Emerging models for mobilizing family support for chronic disease management: a structured review. Chronic Illness 2010; 6(1):7-21.
Dejene S, Negash A, Tesfay K, Jobset A, Abera M. Depression and Diabetes in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. J Psychiatry 2014;17(126):2. http://dx.doi. org/10.4172/1994-8220.1000126
Rahman M, Rahman MA, Flora MS, Rakibuz-Zaman M. Depression and asso- ciated factors in diabetic patients attending an urban hospital of Bangladesh. Intern J Collaborative Res Intern Med Public Health 2011;3(1):65–76.
Roy T, Lloyd CE, Parvin M, Mohiuddin KG, Rahman M. Prevalence of co-morbid depression in out-patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh. BMC Psychiatry 2012;12(1):123.
Perveen S, Otho MS, Siddiqi MN, Hatcher J, Rafique G. Association of depression with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes among adults aged between 25 to 60 years in Karachi, Pakistan. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010 Mar 19;2(1):1.
Siddiqui S, Shah SA. Siddiqui Shah depres- sion scale: Development and validation. Psychology and Developing Societies 1997 Sep 1;9(2):245-62.
Agardh EE, Sidorchuk A, Hallqvist J, Ljung R, Peterson S, Moradi T, et al. Burden of type 2 diabetes attributed to lower educa- tional levels in Sweden. Popul Health Metr 2011 Dec 16;9(1):1.
Sacerdote C, Ricceri F, Rolandsson O, Baldi I, Chirlaque MD, Feskens E, et al. Lower educational level is a predictor of incident type 2 diabetes in European countries: The EPIC-InterAct study. Int J Epidemiol 2012 Aug 1;41(4):1162-73.
Smith BT, Lynch JW, Fox CS, Harper S, Abrahamowicz M, Almeida ND, et al. Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Epidemiol 2011 Feb 15;173(4):438-47.
Chida Y, Hamer M. An association of adverse psychosocial factors with dia- betes mellitus: a meta-analytic review of longitudinal cohort studies. J Diabetologia 2008 Dec 1;51(12):2168-78.
Jamal A. Gender, Citizenship, and the Na- tion-State in Pakistan: Willful Daughters or Free Citizens? Signs 2006;31(2):283-304. 32. Karim S, Saeed K, Rana MH, Mubbashar MH, Jenkins R. Pakistan mental health country profile. Int Rev Psychiatry 2004 Feb 1;16(1-2):83-92.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
