The evaluation of antibiotic resistant genes in bacteria isolates of drinking water of Bhopal District of Madhya Pradesh
Keywords:
GyrA, Tet A, Antibiotic resistance, Drinking water, PCRAbstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a major problem all over the world. The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is a major health related problem. The aquatic ecosystem is an important source for ARBs and ARGs. The antibiotic resistance in bacteria is the emerging issue in the drinking water industry, Therefore, this study was done to study the presence of ARB and ARG in drinking water of Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh. The 200 drinking water samples were collected from the point of domestic use (POU) into an autoclaved vial. The samples were applied on nutrient agar medium which is used for cultivating microorganisms. Each randomly appearing bacterial colony was taken into LB broth and further incubated. Extracted DNA were used for the PCR amplification for the detection of Gyr A and Tet A.
Downloads
References
Aminov, R. I., J. C. Chee-Sanford, N. Garrigues, B. Teferedegne, I. J. Krapac, B. A. White, and R. I. Mackie. 2002. Development, validation, and application of PCR primers for detection of tetracycline efflux genes of gram-negative bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:1786-1793.
Baquero F, Martínez JL, Cantón R. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments. Current opinion in biotechnology. 2008 Jun 1;19(3):260-5.
Bartlett JG. Tratamentul bolilor infecţioase 2007: ghid de buzunar. Editura Medicală Amaltea, Bucureşti. 2007.
Behroozian S, Svensson SL, Davies J. Kisameet clay exhibits potent antibacterial activity against the ESKAPE pathogens. MBio. 2016 Jan 26;7(1):e01842-15.
Bergeron, S., Boopathy, R., Nathaniel, R., Corbin, A. and LaFleur, G., 2015. Presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in raw source water and treated drinking water. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 102, pp.370-374.
Chifiriuc MC, Holban AM, Curutiu C, Ditu LM, Mihaescu G, Oprea AE, Grumezescu AM, Lazar V. Antibiotic drug delivery systems for the intracellular targeting of bacterial pathogens. InSmart drug delivery system 2016 Feb 10. IntechOpen.
Clark LC, Seipke RF, Prieto P, Willemse J, van Wezel GP, Hutchings MI, Hoskisson PA. Mammalian cell entry genes in Streptomyces may provide clues to the evolution of bacterial virulence. Scientific reports. 2013 Jan 23;3(1):1-8.
Decoster A. Cours de Bactériologie en ligne. Resistance aux antibiotique, Faculté Libre de Médecine, Université Catholique de Lille, 2008.
Dutta S, Kawamura Y, Ezaki T, Nair GB, Iida KI, Yoshida SI. Alteration in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV in quinolone-resistant Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 clinical isolates from Kolkata, India. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2005 Apr;49(4):1660-1.
Gaynes R. The discovery of penicillin—new insights after more than 75 years of clinical use. Emerging infectious diseases. 2017 May;23(5):849.
Hawkey PM. The origins and molecular basis of antibiotic resistance. Bmj. 1998 Sep 5;317(7159):657-60.
Heddle J, Maxwell A. Quinolone-binding pocket of DNA gyrase: role of GyrB. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2002 Jun;46(6):1805-15.
Kapur V, Li LL, Iordanescu S, Hamrick MR, Wanger A, Kreiswirth BN, Musser JM. Characterization by automated DNA sequencing of mutations in the gene (rpoB) encoding the RNA polymerase beta subunit in rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from New York City and Texas. Journal of clinical microbiology. 1994 Apr;32(4):1095-8.
Klassen JL. Microbial secondary metabolites and their impacts on insect symbioses. Current opinion in insect science. 2014 Oct 1;4:15-22.
Kraemer SA, Ramachandran A, Perron GG. Antibiotic pollution in the environment: from microbial ecology to public policy. Microorganisms. 2019 Jun;7(6):180.
Kümmerer K. Antibiotics in the aquatic environment–a review–part I. Chemosphere. 2009 Apr 1;75(4):417-34.
Mihăescu G, Chifiriuc C, Diţu LM. Antibiotoce şi substanţe chimioterapeutice antimicrobiene. Editura Academiei Române; 2007.
Munita JM, Arias CA. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Microbiology spectrum. 2016 Apr 8;4(2):4-2.
Schaechter M, editor. Desk encyclopedia of microbiology. Academic Press; 2010 Apr 19.
Schwartz, Thomas, Wolfgang Kohnen, Bernd Jansen, and Ursula Obst. "Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water biofilms." FEMS microbiology ecology 43, no. 3 (2003): 325-335.
Springer B, Kidan YG, Prammananan T, Ellrott K, Böttger EC, Sander P. Mechanisms of streptomycin resistance: selection of mutations in the 16S r-RNA gene conferring resistance. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2001 Oct 1;45(10):2877-84.
Todar K. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics (page 3). Todar’s online textbook of bacteriology. 2011:4.
Verner-Jeffreys DW, Welch TJ, Schwarz T, Pond MJ, Woodward MJ, Haig SJ, Rimmer GS, Roberts E, Morrison V, Baker-Austin C. High prevalence of multidrug-tolerant bacteria and associated antimicrobial resistance genes isolated from ornamental fish and their carriage water. PloS one. 2009 Dec 21;4(12):e8388.
Wasyl D, Hoszowski A, Zajac M. 2014. Prevalence and characterisation of quinolone resistance mechanisms in Salmonella spp. Vet Microbiol 171:307-314
Wichelhaus TA, Schäfer V, Brade V, Böddinghaus B. Molecular characterization of rpoB mutations conferring cross-resistance to rifamycins on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1999 Nov 1;43(11):2813-6.
Willmott CJ, Maxwell AN. A single point mutation in the DNA gyrase A protein greatly reduces binding of fluoroquinolones to the gyrase-DNA complex. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1993 Jan;37(1):126-7.
Willmott CJ, Maxwell AN. A single point mutation in the DNA gyrase A protein greatly reduces binding of fluoroquinolones to the gyrase-DNA complex. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1993 Jan;37(1):126-7.
World Health Organization (2014) World Health Statistics 2014.
World Health Organization (2015) Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance.
Zasloff M. Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms. nature. 2002 Jan;415(6870):389-95.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
