The pharmacological effect of combination therapy of Enalapril and Losartan on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in albino rat
Keywords:
ACE inhibitors, Alzheimer’s disease, anti inflammatory, Antioxidant, Cyclooxygenase, CytotoxicityAbstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) produce their therapeutic activities through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), the enzyme that makes prostaglandins (PGs). They share, to a greater or lesser degree, the same side effects, including gastric and renal toxicity. Recent research has shown that there are at least two COX isoenzymes. COX-1 is constitutive and makes PGs that protect the stomach and kidney from damage. COX-2 is induced by inflammatory stimuli, such as cytokines, and produces PGs that contribute to the pain and swelling of inflammation. Thus, selective COX-2 inhibitors should be anti-inflammatory without side effects on the kidney and stomach. Oxidative stress can affect vital molecules in human cells, including DNA and proteins, which are responsible for many processes in the body. In the human body, uncontrolled oxidation is commonly caused by highly reactive molecules known as free radicals. Free radicals, produced either by normal cellular metabolism or as an effect of pollution and exposure to other external factors, are responsible for premature aging of the body and play a pathogenic role in cardiovascular and degenerative diseases (e.g., cataracts, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer).
Downloads
References
Patel V, Kleinman A. (2003). Poverty and common mental disorders in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 81: 609-615.
Taube-Schiff M, Lau MA. (2008). In Major depressive disorder. Hersen, M.– Rosqvist, J.(szerk.) Handbook of psychological assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment. 1: 319-351.
Addis ME, Jacobson NS. (1996). Reasons for depression and the process and outcome of cognitive–behavioral psychotherapies. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 6: 1417.
McKeon P, Carrick S. (1991). Public attitudes to depression: A national survey. Irish journal of psychological medicine. 8, 2: 116-121.
Carocho M, Ferreira IC. (2013). A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives. Food and chemical toxicology. 51: 15-25.
Fang YZ, Yang S, Wu G. (2002). Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition, 18(10): 872-79.
Litescu SC, Sandra AV, Eremia SAV, Diaconu M, and Tache A. (2011). Biosensors Applications on Assessment of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants. In Tech Rijeka Croatia.
Molyneux P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity, for estimating antioxidant activity, Songklanakarin Journal of Science Technology. 26: 211-219.
Hatat B, Yahiaoui S, Lecoutey C, Davis A, Freret T, Boulouard M, Claeysen S, Rochais C, Dallemagne P. (2019). A Novel in vivo Anti-amnesic Agent, Specially Designed to Express Both Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitory, Serotonergic Subtype 4 Receptor (5-HT4R) Agonist and Serotonergic Subtype 6 Receptor (5-HT6R) Inverse Agonist Activities, With a Potential Interest Against Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 19; 11:148.
Karthivashan G, Kweon MH, Park SY, Kim JS, Kim DH, Ganesan P, Choi DK. (2019). Cognitive-enhancing and ameliorative effects of acanthoside B in a scopolamine-induced amnesic mouse model through regulation of oxidative/inflammatory/cholinergic systems and activation of the TrkB/CREB/BDNF pathway.Food Chem Toxicol. 129: 444-457.
Sheibani V, Mandegary A, Vazifekhahan E, Kasbzade Z, Asadi A, Sharififar F. (2019). Zataria multiflora Boiss. extract improves spatial memory and learning capacity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 9(6):587-596.
Aparicio-Nava L, Márquez-García LA, Meneses A. (2019). Effects of 5-HT5A receptor blockade on amnesia or forgetting. Behav Brain Res. 14; 357-358:98-103.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 International journal of health sciences
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.