The pharmacological effect of combination therapy of Enalapril and Losartan on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in albino rat
Keywords:
ACE inhibitors, Alzheimer’s disease, anti inflammatory, Antioxidant, Cyclooxygenase, CytotoxicityAbstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) produce their therapeutic activities through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), the enzyme that makes prostaglandins (PGs). They share, to a greater or lesser degree, the same side effects, including gastric and renal toxicity. Recent research has shown that there are at least two COX isoenzymes. COX-1 is constitutive and makes PGs that protect the stomach and kidney from damage. COX-2 is induced by inflammatory stimuli, such as cytokines, and produces PGs that contribute to the pain and swelling of inflammation. Thus, selective COX-2 inhibitors should be anti-inflammatory without side effects on the kidney and stomach. Oxidative stress can affect vital molecules in human cells, including DNA and proteins, which are responsible for many processes in the body. In the human body, uncontrolled oxidation is commonly caused by highly reactive molecules known as free radicals. Free radicals, produced either by normal cellular metabolism or as an effect of pollution and exposure to other external factors, are responsible for premature aging of the body and play a pathogenic role in cardiovascular and degenerative diseases (e.g., cataracts, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer).
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