A clinical and basic science review of Alzheimer's disease
Review article
Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease, fluid biomarkers, memory loss, minor cognitive dysfunction, treatmentAbstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a brief overview of Alzheimer's disease and a definition of moderate disability that includes (MCI). This paper focuses on the medical and cardiovascular properties of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's. This article also covers the recent advances in the use of biomarkers to diagnose Alzheimer's disease, as well as existing efforts to find new therapies. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, affects 50 lakh Indians aged 65 and over, or one in nine. A Clinical and Research Science Review of Alzheimer's Disease. There has been significant progress in identifying pre-dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease, such as MCI, as well as developing diagnosis and therapeutic procedures for treating Alzheimer's disease. Our ability to find a cure for Alzheimer's disease will be determined by our ability to find the right genetic markers for early diagnosis and clinical intervention in patients at risk, as well as a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular processes that go wrong. After the National Institutes of Health (NIA) recognised urgent need to develop clinically useful neuroimaging and other biomarkers for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) was established in 2004.
Downloads
References
Alzheimer A. Uber eineeigenartigeErkrankungderHirnridne [About a Peculiar Disease of the Cerebral Cortex].Allg Z Psychiatr 1907; 64: 146_48.
Alzheimer A. About a peculiar disease of the cerebral cortex.Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1987; 1: 3_8.
Maurer K, Volk S, Gerbaldo H. Auguste D and Alzheimer’sdisease. Lancet 1997; 349(9064): 1546_9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10203-8
Gilman S. Oxford American handbook of neurology. OxfordUniversity Press: Oxford, UK; 2010
McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, JackCR, Kawas CH, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7(3): 263_9. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005
Shadlen M, Larson E. Evaluation of cognitive impairment and dementia. In: Basow D, ed. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2010.
Braak H, Thal DR, Ghebremedhin E, Del Tredici K. Stages of the pathologic process in Alzheimer disease: age categories from 1 to 100 years. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2011; 70: 960_9. doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e318232a379
Beach TG, Monsell SE, Phillips LE, Kukull W. Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease at National Institute on Aging Alzheimer Disease Centers, 2005_2010. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71: 266_73. doi: 10.1097/ NEN.0b013e31824b211b
McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 939_44.
Camicioli R. Distinguishing different dementias. Can Rev Alzheimer’s Dis Other Dement 2006; 9: 4_11.
Bjo¨ rkqvist M, Ohlsson M, Minthon L, Hansson O. Evaluation of a previously suggested plasma biomarker panel to identify Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS One 2012; 7: e29868. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0029868
Doecke JD, Laws SM, Faux NG, Wilson W, Burnham SC, Lam CP, et al. Blood-based protein biomarkers for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2012; 69: 1318_25. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2012.1282
Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Goate AM. Alzheimer’s disease: the challenge of the second century. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3: 77sr1. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002369
Selkoe DJ. Alzheimer’s disease is a synaptic failure. Science 2002; 298: 789_91. doi: 10.1126/science.1074069
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Alzheimer’s Disease Education & Referral (ADEAR) Center (2014). Alzheimer’s disease medications fact sheet (NIH Publication No. 08-3431). National Institute on Aging. Available from: http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-diseasemedications-fact-sheet [cited 15 April 2014].
Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Craft S,Fagan AM, et al. Toward defining the preclinical stages ofAlzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the NationalInstitute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups ondiagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. AlzheimersDement 2011; 7: 280_92. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.003
Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med 2014; 256: 183_94. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2796.2004.01388.x
Vemuri P, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Weiner MW, et al. MRI and CSF biomarkers in normal, MCI, and AD subjects: diagnostic discrimination and cognitive correlations. Neurology 2009; 73: 287_93. doi: 10.1212/ WNL.0b013e3181af79e5
Weiner MW, Veitch DP, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Cairns NJ, Green RC, et al. The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: a review of papers published since its inception. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 8: S1_68. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011. 09.172
Buchhave P, Minthon L, Zetterberg H, Wallin AK, Blennow K, Hansson O. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of b-amyloid 1-42, but not of tau, are fully changed already 5 to 10 years before the onset of Alzheimer dementia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012; 69: 98_106. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.155
Ray S, Britschgi M, Herbert C, Takeda-Uchimura Y, Boxer A, Blennow K, et al. Classification and prediction of clinical Alzheimer’s diagnosis based on plasma signaling proteins. Nat Med 2007; 13: 1359_62. doi: 10.1038/nm1653
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
