The clinical findings of different refractive error for students studying at college of medical technology, Al-Mustaqbal University in Babylon City of Iraq from 18 to 20 years
Keywords:
Mustaqbal University, visual acuity, myopia, amblyopiaAbstract
Aim: determining the clinical results of refractive error for students of Mustaqbal University College from18 to 20 years. Introduction: Refractive error is a type of vision poor that affects about 2.3 billion persons global. Refractive error is a main reason of slight toward moderate visual loss, so determining their part can help plan a strategic health program. Methods: This study was cross-sectional and it spent only three-month showed at the Mustaqbal University Clinic from November 2021 to January 2022. We selected 215 students from different stages. Result: All participants in this study were glad to do examination. The male were 142(66%) students and the female 73 (34%). The mean age of 19.5± 1.06 (range, 17.5 – 21.5) years. VA in the right eye was 196 (91.2%) and the left eye was 181 (84.2%). The refractive error in congenital (male, female) and acquired (male , female) in this study was 21 (9.8%), 9 (4.2%), 12(5.6%), 17(7.9%),12 (5.6%), 1(0.7%) ,respectively. Only 4 male (1.9%) have diplopia. Conclusion: The spread of refractive error in College of Medical Technology was somewhat higher among students. Myopia was also the most common in this study, and males had more amblyopia than females.
Downloads
References
Van Newkirk MR et al. The cause-specific prevalence of bilateral visual impairment in Victoria, Australia: the Visual Impairment Project. Ophthalmology (in press).
Dandona L et al. Burden of moderate visual impairment in an urban population in southern India. Ophthalmology, 1999, 106: 497–504.
Jobke S., Kasten E., Vorwerk C. The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany. Clin. Ophthalmol. 2008;2(3):601–607.
Rai S., Thapa H.B., Sharma M.K., Dhakhwa K., Karki R. The distribution of refractive errors among children attending Lumbini Eye Institute, Nepal. Nepal. J. Ophthalmol. 2012;4(1):90–95.
Holden BA, Sulaiman S, Knox K. The challenge of providing spectacles in the developing world. Community eye health / International Centre for Eye Health. 2000;13(33):9–10.
Gilbert C, Foster A. Childhood blindness in the context of VISION 2020--the right to sight. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(3):227–32.
Alam H, Siddiqui MI, Jafri SI, Khan AS, Ahmed SI, Jafar M. Prevalence of refractive error in school children of Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc. 2008;58:322.
Gilbert C. Changing challenges in the control of blindness in children. Eye. 2009:1358–62.
Gilbert C. Changing challenges in the control of blindness in children. Eye. 2007;21:1338–43.
Xu L, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Jonas JB (2007) High myopia and glaucoma susceptibility. The Beijing Eye Study. Ophthalmology 114: 216–220.
Liu HH, Xu L, Wang YX, Wang S, You QS, et al. (2010) Prevalence and progression of myopic retinopathy in Chinese adults: The Beijing Eye Study. Ophthalmology 117: 1763–1768.
Villarreal MG, Ohlsson J, Abrahamsson M, Sjöstrom A, Sjöstrand J (2000) Myopisation: the refractive tendency in teenagers. Prevalence of myopia among young teenagers in Sweden. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 78: 177–181.
French AN, Morgan IG, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P, Rose KA (2013) Prevalence and 5- to 6-year incidence and progression of myopia and hyperopia in Australian schoolchildren. Ophthalmology 120: 1482–1491
Gilbert C. Changing challenges in the control of blindness in children. Eye. 2007;21:1338–43.
Khanna RC, Marmamula S, Rao GN. International Vision Care:Issues and Approaches. Annu Rev Vis Sci. 2017;3:53–68.
Mehari Z.A., Yimer A.W. Prevalence of refractive errors among schoolchildren in rural central Ethiopia. Clin. Exp. Optom. 2013;96(1):65–69.
Aldebasi Y.H. Prevalence of correctable visual impairment in primary school children in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. J. Optom. 2014;7(3):168–176.
Shrestha S.P., Bhat K.S., Binu V.S., Barthakur R., Natarajan M., Subba S.H. Pattern of refractive errors among the Nepalese population: A retrospective study. Nepal. J. Ophthalmol. 2012;2(2):87–96.
Opubiri I., Adio A., Megbelayin E. Refractive error pattern of children in South-South Nigeria: A tertiary hospital study. Sky J Med & Med Sci. 2013;1:10–14.
Al Wadaani F.A., Amin T.T., Ali A., Khan A.R. Prevalence and pattern of refractive errors among primary school children in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Glob. J. Health Sci. 2012;5(1):125–134.
Oyo-Szerenyi KD, Wienecke L, Businger U, Schipper I. Autorefraction/autokeratometry and subjective refraction in untreated and photorefractive keratectomy-treated eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:157–64.
Xiong S, Lv M, Zou H, Zhu J, Lu L, Zhang B, Deng J, Yao C, He X, Xu X. Comparison of refractive measures of three autorefractors in children and adolescents. Optom Vis Sci. 2017;94(9):894–902.
AL–RASHIDI, Sultan H., et al. Prevalence refractive errors among Medical Students of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia: cross-sectional descriptive study. Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, 2018, 6.5: 940.
Ghaderi S, Hashemi H, Jafarzadehpur E, Yekta A, Ostadimoghaddam H, Mirzajani A, Khabazkhoob MClin Exp Optom. 2018 May; 101(3):380-385.
26. Global Patterns in Health Burden of Uncorrected Refractive Error.
Lou L, Yao C, Jin Y, Perez V, Ye JInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Nov 1; 57(14):6271-6277.
SHI, Xue-Ying, et al. The prevalence of vision impairment and refractive error in 3654 first year students at Tianjin Medical University. International journal of ophthalmology, 2018, 11.10: 1698.
Guo L, Yang J, Mai J, Du X, Guo Y, Li P, Yue Y, Tang D, Lu C, Zhang WH. Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among primary and middle school-aged students: a school-based study in Guangzhou. Eye (Lond) 2016;30(6):796–804.
Zhao J, Mao J, Luo R, Li F, Munoz SR, Ellwein LB. The progression of refractive error in school-age children: Shunyi district, China. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134(5):735–743.
Dirani M, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Saw SM. The age-specific prevalence of myopia in Asia: a meta-analysis. Optom Vis Sci. 2015;92(3):258–266.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
