Classification of furcation involvement
A literature review
Keywords:
classification, furcation lesions, gingival recession, prognosisAbstract
Furcation lesions have been described by various classification systems. For many years, the most widely utilized classification system have been proposed by Glickman with no reference to the prognostic value of the lesion itself. This article reviews the old classification systems to classify furcation lesions on the basis of position of gingival margin and its relationship with the furcation area (exposed/non-exposed) for a better understanding of furcation involvements and increases the prognostic value of treatments in the long term.
Downloads
References
American Academy of Periodontology 1992
Glickman I. Clinical Periodontology: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Periodontal Disease in the Practice of General Dentistry, 4th ed.; 1972; pp. 242–245. ISBN 0721641377.
Goldman HM. Therapy of the incipient bifurcation involvement. J Periodontol. 1958, 29:112–116.
Staffileno HJ. Surgical management of furca invasión. Dent Clin N Am 1969Jan, 13(1): 103–119.
Rajneesh Parimoo et al (2020); Clinical Evaluation of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in the Surgical Management of Degree I and Degree II Furcation Defects, Scientific Dental Journal, Volume 4-Issue 3,September-December 2020;Page 79-84
Easley JR.; Drennan GA. Morphological classification of the furcation. J Can Dent Assoc (Tor) 1969 Feb, 35(2): 104–107.
Hamp, S. E., Nyman, S. & Lindhe, J. (1975) Periodontal treatment of multirooted teeth. Results after 5 years. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2, 126–135.
Rosenberg MM. Management of osseous defects, furcation involvements, and periodontal-pulpal lesions.In Clinical Dentistry, Periodontal and Oral Surgery; Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1986.
Ramfjord SP, Ash MM. Periodontology and Periodontics; Saunders: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1979; pp. 247–309.ISBN 13-978-0721674605.
Goldman HM, Cohen DW. Periodontal Therapy, 6th ed.; C. V. Mosby: St. Louis, IL, USA, 1988; p. 921.ISBN 13-9780801618741.
Richetti PA. A furcation classification based upon pulp-chamber relationships and vertical radiographic bone loss. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1982, 2(5): 50-9.
Tal H, Lemmer J. Furcal defects in dry mandibles.Part II: Severity of furcal defects. J Periodontol 1982 Jun, 53(6):364-7.
Tarnow D, Fletcher P. Classification of the vertical component of furcation involvement. J Periodontol 1984 May,55(5): 283-4.
Eskow RN, Kapin SH. Furcation invasions: correlating a classification system with therapeutic considerations.Part I. Examination, diagnosis, and classification. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1984 Jun, 5(6): 477–487.
Fedi PF Jr. The Periodontal Syllabus, 2nd ed.; Lea and Febiger: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1985; pp. 169–170.ISBN 13-978-0781779722.
Grant DA, Stern IB.; Listgarten MA. Periodontics, 6th ed.; C. V. Mosby: St. Louis, IL, USA, 1988; p. 931.
Basaraba N. Furcation invasions. In Periodontal Diseases; Schluger S, Yuodelis R, Page RC, Johnson RH,Eds.; Lea and Febiger: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1990; ISBN 13-978-0812110845.
Carnevale G, Pontoriero R, Lindhe J. Treatment of furcation—involved teeth. In Clinical Periodontologyand Implant Dentistry, 5th ed.; Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T, Eds.; Munksgaard: Copenhagen, Denmark,2012; vol. 2, pp. 823–847. ISBN 978-1-118-35561-9.
Nevins M, Cappetta EG. Treatment of maxillary furcations. In Periodontal Therapy-Clinical Approachesand Evidence of Success; Nevins M, Mellonig JT, Eds.; Quintessence: Chicago, IL, USA, 1998;ISBN 13-978-0867153095.
Hou GL, Chen YM, Tsai CC, Weisgold AS. A new classification of molar furcation involvement basedon the root trunk and horizontal and vertical bone loss. Int J Periodontics Restor Dent 1998 Jun, 18(3): 257–65.
Vandersall DC: Concise Encyclopedia of Periodontology Blackwell Munksgaard 2007.
American Academy of Periodontology. Glossary of Periodontal Terms, 4th ed.; Chicago, LA, USA, 2001; Available online: https://members.perio.org/libraries/glossary.
Walter C, Kaner D, Berndt DC, Weiger R, Zitzmann NU. Three-dimensional imaging as a pre-operativetool in decision making for furcation surgery. J Clin Periodontol 2009 Mar, 36(3): 250–7.
Carnevale G, Pontoriero R, Lindhe J. Treatment of furcation—involved teeth. In Clinical Periodontologyand Implant Dentistry, 5th ed.; Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T, Eds.; Munksgaard: Copenhagen, Denmark,2012; vol. 2, pp. 823–847. ISBN 978-1-118- 35561-9
Pilloni A, Rojas MA. Furcation Involvement Classification: A Comprehensive Review and a New System Proposal. DentJ (Basel)2018 Sep, 6(3): 34.
Kolte AP, Pajnigara NG et al. Comprehensive Classification System for Furcation Involvement – Incorporating Additional Variables, JClinDiag Res 2018Aug, 12(8): ZE01-ZE04, page 1-3.
Van Swol RL, Eslami A, Sadeghi EM, Ellinger RF. New treatment for furcation defects involving strategic molars. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1989;9:185-95.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2021 International journal of health sciences
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.