Variational mode decomposition based automated fetal PCG denoising and extraction
Keywords:
fetal phonocardiogram, variational mode decomposition, maternal PCGAbstract
Congenital cardiac anomalies of fetus are often characterized by the unprecedented changes in the auditory properties of cardiac sounds occurs during the gestation period of pregnant women. These abnormalities are often seen in inconsistent patterns of heart sounds that are driven by asynchronous variations in heart rates of mother and fetus. This hostile situation becomes severe if it is untreated and might threaten to life risk in pregnant women. In this work, we proposed a novel and automated signal processing paradigm using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) to detect and extract the mother and fetus heart sounds from the raw PCG signals recorded from outer surface of the maternal abdomen. The proposed framework constitutes a couple of cascaded VMD blocks: The first VMD block alleviates the raspatory noises and other artifacts from the raw PCG signal; while the Next one, decomposes the mother and fetus heart sounds obtained from its preceding block. A publicly available Shiraz University Fetal Heart Sounds Database is used to test the efficacy of the proposed model. In addition, noisy PCG corpus characterized by the additive white gaussian noise is used to test the efficacy of the proposed network. F
Downloads
References
E. Vollenhoven and J. Chin, "Phonocardiography: past present and future", Acta Cardiol., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 337-344, Feb. 1993.
V. Equy, S. Buisson, M. Heinen, J.-P. Schaal, P. Hoffmann and F. Sergent, "Confusion between maternal and fetal heart rate during the second stage of labour", Br J Midwifery, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 794-798, 2012.
K. Bhogal and J. Reinhard, "Maternal and fetal heart rate confusion during labour", Br J Midwifery, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 424-428, 2010.
Moghavvemi, M., Tan, B. H., and Tan, S. Y., “A non-invasive pc-based measurement of fetal phonocardio-graphy,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 107 (1), 96 –103 (2003).
Robert A Malkin, “Technologies for clinically relevant physiological measurements in developing countries, Physiological Measurement, vol. 28, pp.8, 2007.
M. Ruffo, M. Cesarelli, M. Romano, P. Bifulco and A. Fratini, "An algorithm for FHR estimation from foetal phonocardiographic signals", Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, vol. 5, pp. 131-141, 2010.
F. Kovacs, M. Torok and I. Hambermajer, "A rule-based phonocardiographic method for long-term fetal heart rate monitoring", Biomedical Engineering IEEE Transaction on, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 124-130, 2000.
A. K. Mittra, A. S. Anupam Shukla and A. S. Zadgaonkar, "System simulation and comparative analysis of fetal heart sound denoising techniques for advanced phonocardiography", International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (IJBET), vol. 1, no. 1, 2007.
P. C. Adithya, R. Sankar, W. A. Moreno and S. Hart, "Trends in fetal monitoring through phonocardiography: Challenges and future directions", Biomed Sig. Proc. Control, vol. 33, pp. 289-305, 2017.
J. Pan and W. J. Tompkins, "A real-time qrs detection algorithm", IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 230-236, 1985.
L. De Lathauwer, B. De Moor and J. Vandewalle, "Fetal electrocardiogram extraction by blind source subspace separation", IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 567-572, 2000.
Morris Dressler, Samuel N. Moskowitz, Fetal electrocardiography and stethography: A combined study, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Volume 41, Issue 5, 1941.
H. E. Bassil and J. H. Dripps, "Real time processing and analysis of fetal phonocardiographic signals", Physiol Meas, vol. 10, no. 4B, pp. 67, 1989.
R. A. Pretlow and J. W. Stoughton, "Signal processing methodologies for an acoustic fetal heart rate monitor", M.S. thesis, 1991.
A. Mittra and N. Choudhari, "Time-frequency analysis of foetal heart sound signal for the prediction of prenatal anomalies", J Med Eng Technol, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 296-302, 2009.
S. R. Messer, J. Agzarian and D. Abbott, "Optimal wavelet denoising for phonocardiograms", Microelectronics J, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 931-941, 2001.
A. Jimenez-Gonzalez and C. James, "Blind source separation to extract foetal heart sounds from noisy abdominal phonograms: A single channel method", IET MEDSIP.
M. Ruffo, M. Cesarelli, M. Romano, P. Bifulco and A. Fratini, "An algorithm for fhr estimation from foetal phonocardiographic signals", Biomed Signal Process Control, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 131-141, 2010.
F. Kovcs, C. Horvth, dm T. Balogh and G. Hossz, "Fetal phonocardiographypast and future possibilities", Comput Methods Programs Biomed, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 19-25, 2011.
P. Várady, L. Wildt, Z. Benyó and A. Hein, "An advanced method in fetal phonocardiography", Comput. Methods Programs Biomed., vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 283-296, 2003.
W. N. M. Soysa, R. I. Godaliyadda, J. V. Wijayakulasooriya, M. P. B. Ekanayake and I. C. Kandauda, "An eigenfilter based approach for extraction of fetal heart signals under noisy conditions using adaptive filters", Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Intelligence Modelling and Simulation, pp. 254-259, 2012.
W. N. M. Soysa, R. I. Godaliyadda, J. V. Wijayakulasooriya, M. P. B. Ekanayake and I. C. Kandauda, "An eigenfilter based approach for extraction of fetal heart signals under noisy conditions using adaptive filters", Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Intelligence Modelling and Simulation, pp. 254-259, 2012.
J. C. J. Chen, K. P. K. Phua, Y. S. Y. Song and L. S. L. Shue, "A portable phonocardiographic fetal heart rate monitor", 2006 IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., pp. 2141-2144, 2006.
H. E. Bassil and J. H. Dripps, "Real time processing and analysis of fetal phonocardiographic signals", Clin Phys Physiol Meas, vol. 10, no. Suppl B, pp. 67-74, 1989.
W. N. M. Soysa, R. I. Godaliyadda, J. V. Wijayakulasooriya, M. P. B. Ekanayake and I. C. Kandauda, "Extraction and analysis of fetal heart signals with abnormalities an Eigen-analysis based approach", 2013 IEEE 8th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems ICIIS 2013 - Conference Proceedings, pp. 294-299, 2013.
M. Ruffo, M. Cesarelli, M. Romano, P. Bifulco and A. Fratini, "An algorithm for FHR estimation from foetal phonocardiographic signals", Biomed. Signal Process. Control, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 131-141, 2010.
Á. T. Balogh and F. Kovács, "Application of phonocardiography on preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus", Biomed. Signal Process. Control, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 337-345, 2011.
A. K. Mittra and N. K. Choudhari, "Time-frequency analysis of foetal heart sound signal for the prediction of prenatal anomalies", J. Med. Eng. Technol., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 296-302, 2009.
A. Jimenez-Gonzalez and C. J. James, "De-noising the abdominal phonogram for foetal heart rate extraction: Blind source separation versus empirical filtering", Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society EMBS, pp. 1358-1361, 2013.
A. D. Warbhe, R. V. Dharaskar and B. Kalambhe, "A Single Channel Phonocardiograph Processing Using EMD, SVD, and EFICA," 2010 3rd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2010, pp. 578-581.
C. Horvath, B. Uveges, F. Kovacs and G. Hosszu, "Application of the Matching Pursuit Method in a Fetal Phonocardiographic Telemedicine System," 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007.
E. Koutsiana, L. J. Hadjileontiadis, I. Chouvarda and A. H. Khandoker, "Detecting fetal heart sounds by means of Fractal Dimension analysis in the Wavelet domain," 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2017, pp. 2201-2204
K. Dragomiretskiy and D. Zosso, "Variational Mode Decomposition," in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 531-544, Feb.1, 2014, doi: 10.1109/TSP.2013.2288675.
M. Mishra, S. Pratiher, S. Banerjee and A. Mukherjee, "Grading heart sounds through variational mode decomposition and higher order spectral features," 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2018, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409620.
Sameni, R., & Samieinasab, M. (2021). Shiraz University Fetal Heart Sounds Database (version 1.0.1). PhysioNet. https://doi.org/10.13026/42eg-8e59.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
