Study of antibiotic sensitivity pattern in urinary tract infection

Noor Alhooda M. Al-Awkally; Hamza Khalifa Ibrahim; Maree Dokally Ali; Fares M. Muthanna; Alreda Miloud Al-Awkally; Aejeeliyah  Yousuf

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.8113

Authors

Noor Alhooda M. Al-Awkally Department of Medical laboratory, Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Suluq, Libya
Hamza Khalifa Ibrahim Department of pharmacy, Higher Institute of medical Technology, Bani Waleed, Libya
Maree Dokally Ali Department of Medical laboratory, Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Suluq, Libya
Fares M. Muthanna
fariszaydi@gmail.com
Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
Alreda Miloud Al-Awkally Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of health, Darna, Libya
Aejeeliyah Yousuf Department of Medical Laboratory, Higher Institute of medical Technology, Bani Waleed, Libya

Keywords:

Tobruk medical centre, E. coli, Klebsiella spp, augmentin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, nitrofurantoin

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the principal causes of infection worldwide. This study aimed to determine the etiological bacterial pathogens of the UTI and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pathogens isolated. Urine samples were tested in the microbiology department of Tobruk Medical Center, Tobruk, Libya from January 2021 to December 2021. The resulted diameters of inhibition zones around the antibiotic discs were measured to the nearest whole mm and interpreted according to protocols standardized for the assay of antibiotic compounds as guided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Out of 1372 patients, isolates were detected in 171 (12.4%) specimens. Out of these, 137 (77.40%) were female and 40 (22.60%) were male. The prevalence of uropathogens isolated from patients was E. coli, followed by Klebsiella spp and Proteus spp. In the In Vitro Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogens, it was seen that E. coli and Klebsiella spp were highly sensitive to Gentamycin, Nitrofurantoin, and Septrin. At the same time, E. coli and Klebsiella spp were highly resistant to chloramphenicol and augmentin.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Morgan, M. G., McKenzie, H. Controversies in the laboratorydiagnosis of community-acquired urinary tract infection. Eur JClinMicrobiol Infect (1993) ,Dis12: 491-504.

Foxman, B. Urinary tract infection syndromes. Infec Disease Clinc North America 2014, 28: 1 – 13.

Ronald, A. The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. American J Med. 113: 14 – 19.

Stamm, W. E., Hooton, T. M. Management of urinary tract infections in adults. N Engl J Med 329: 1328-1334. 7. Pinson AG1, Philbrick JT, Lindbeck GH, Schorling JB (1994) ED management of acute pyelonephritis in women: a cohort study. Am J Emerg Med (1993), 12: 271-278.

Pinson, A. G., Philbrick, J. T., Lindbeck, G. H., Schorling, J. B. ED management of acute pyelonephritis in women: a cohort study. Am J Emerg (1994), Med 12: 271-278.

Hooton, T. M. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. New Engl. J. Med. 366, 1028–1037 (2012).

Nielubowicz, G. R & Mobley, H. L. Host–pathogen interactions in urinary tract infection. Nature Rev. Urol. 7, 430–441 (2010).

Sobel, J. D., Kaye, D. Urinary tract infections. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2014:886-913.

Foxman, B. Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 28, 1–13 (2014).

Hannan, T. J. et al. Host–pathogen checkpoints and population bottlenecks in persistent and intracellular uropathogenic Escherichia coli bladder infection. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 36, 616–648 (2012).

Lichtenberger, P. & Hooton, T. M. Complicated urinary tract infections. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. 10, 499–504 (2008).

Levison, M. E. & Kaye, D. Treatment of complicated urinary tract infections with an emphasis on drugresistant Gram-negative uropathogens. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. 15, 109–115 (2013).

Tanvir, R., Hafeez, R., Hasnain, S. Prevalence of multiple drug resistant Escherichia coli in patients of urinary tract infection registering at a diagnostic laboratory in Lahore, Pakistan. Pak J Zool. 2012;44(3):707-712.

Tice, A. D. Short course therapy of acute cystitis: a brief review of therapeutic strategies. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 1999; 43: 85-93.

Kline, K. A., Schwartz, D. J., Lewis, W. G., Hultgren, S. J. & Lewis, A. L. Immune activation and suppression by group B Streptococcus in a murine model of urinary tract infection. Infect. Immun. 79, 3588–3595 (2011).

Ronald, A. The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. Am. J. Med. 113 (Suppl. 1A), 14S–19S (2002).

Feld, L. G and Mattoo, T. K. Urinary Tract Infections and Vesicoureteral Reflux in Infants and Children. Pediatrics in Review. 2010; 31(11): 451-62. [DOI: 10.1542/pir.31-11-451]

Heffner, V. A and Gorelick, M. H. Pediatric urinary tract infection. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 2008; 9(4): 233-237.

Wasnik, D. D. Prevalence and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection Causing Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Asian J Biomed Pharm Sci. 2012;2(15):1- 3. doi: 10.15272/ajbps.v2i15.130

Fisher, J. F., Kavanagh, K., Sobel, J. D., Kauffman, C. A. & Newman, C. A. Candida urinary tract infection: pathogenesis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 52 (Suppl. 6), S437–S451 (2011).

Jacobsen, S. M., Stickler, D. J., Mobley, H. L. & Shirtliff, M. E. Complicated catheter-associated urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 21, 26–59 (2008).

Magiorakos, A. P., Srinivasan, A., Carey, R. B., Carmeli, Y., Falagas, M. E, Giske, C. G., et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drugresistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(3):268- 281.

Stamm, W. E & Norrby, S. R. Urinary tract infections: disease panorama and challenges. J. Infect. Dis. 183 (Suppl. 1), S1–S4 (2001)

Sobel, J. D., Kaye, D. Urinary tract infections. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2014:886-913.

Guermazi-Toumi, S., Boujlel, S., Assoudi, M., Issaoui, R., Tlili, S and Hlaiem, M. E. Susceptibility profiles of bacteria causing urinary tract infections in Southern Tunisia. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 2018; 12: 48-52. [PMID: 28918351]

Mohammed, M. A., Alnour, T. M., Shakurfo, O. M and Aburass, M. M. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Messalata Central Hospital, Libya. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2016; 9(8): 771-776.

Khalifa, A. A. F., Alaa, O. H and Abdalhamed, M. A. Urinary Tract Infection In Sobrata, Algmel Cities In Libya 2013. , Clin Microbial 2014, 3:5

Milud, A. S and Fathe, A. A. Bacterial Profile of Urinary Tract Infection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Among Patients Attending at Bushra Medical Laboratory, Tripoli, Libya. Journal of GHR 2018 August 21; 7(4): 2671-2675 ISSN 2224-3992 (print) ISSN 2224-6509.

Amal, A., Anwar, A., Hajer, M., Zaynab, S., Safaa, S., Asma, A & Faisal, I. Urinary Tract Infection in Eastern Libya During One Decade and Preventive Healthy Diet. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324533577

Sahm, D. F., Thornsberry, C., Mayfield, D. C., Jones, M. E., Karlowsky, J. A. Multidrug resistant urinary tract isolates of Escherichia coli: prevalence and patient demographics in the United States in antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. Antimicrob Agents & Chemother 2001; 45(5): 1402-1406.

Niveditha, S., Pramodhini, S., Umadevi, S., Kumar, S. & Stephen, S. The isolation and the biofilm formation of uropathogens in the patients with catheter associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 6, 1478–1482 (2012).

Jacobsen, S. M. & Shirtliff, M. E. Proteus mirabilis biofilms and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Virulence 2, 460–465 (2011). This paper briefly outlines the steps of P. mirabilis crystalline-biofilm formation during CAUTIs

Tamalli, M., Bioprabhu, S., Alghazal, M. A. Urinary tract infection during pregnancy at Al-khoms, Libya. Int J Med Med Sci 2013; 3(5): 455-459.

Dania, A. S., Shehnaz, W., Farhan, E. A. Antibiotic resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urine samples of Urinary Tract Infections patients in Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2015;31(2):341-345.

Kass, E. H. Bacteriuria and diagnosis of infections of urinary tract. Arch. Intern. Med., 100: 709-714, 1957. 5.

Raz, R., Colodner, R., Kunin, C. M. Who are you—Staphylococcus. Clin Infect Dis 2005, 40:896–898.

District laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Monika Cheesbrough,2nd Edition 2006.

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Methods for antimicrobial dilution and disk susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria M45-A2, vol. 30. 2nd ed. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2010.

Abdulaziz, D., Abdurrazag, U., Mohamed, B. M., Abdulhamid, M. A. Platelet Count as Useful Indicator for Gram-Type of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Women. IBEROAMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 01(2022)24-29

Lei, H. Chenwei, H. Yan, Y., Liying, S and Haixia L. Urinary Tract Infection Etiological Profiles and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Varied Among Different Age Categories: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary General Hospital During a 12-Year Period. RESEARCH published: 27 January 2022 doi: 10.3389/fmicb. 2021.813145

Bitew, A., Molalign, T., and Chanie, M. Species distribution and antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial uropathogens among patients complaining urinary tract infections. BMC Infect. Dis.17:654. doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2743-8, (2017).

Klein, R. D., and Hultgren, S. J. Urinary tract infections: microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions and new treatment strategies. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. (2020). 18, 211–226. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-0324-0

Ibrahim, Hamza Khalifa. "ANTIBIOTICS EFFECTS (CPROFLOXACIN-AUGMENTIN-GENTAMICIN-NORFLOXACIN-AMPICILLIN) ON BACTERIA (E. COLI STAPH ALBUS AND KLEBSIELLA) , American Journal of Research, № 1-2 (1-2), (2018)

Ibrahim, Hamza Khalifa, Alla Abdulmutalib Mohammed, and Ola Adrees Omar. "Effects of Antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin–Augmentin–Gentamicin–Norfloxacin–Ampicillin) which are used for Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Female Patients." V, Issue 10 (2018).