Edible vaccines: A novel approach to oral immunization and their application in clinical trails

N. A. Keerthana; Kanthesh M. Basalingappa; T. S. Gopenath; R. Parthiban; Prathibha S. Rajashekara; Gnanasekaran Ashok; Murugesan Karthikeyan; Ranjith Mehenderkar; Pugazhandhi Bakthavatchalam; Darsihini Rajasurian; Indumathi Ashok; Sarah Stephenie; Shri Devi

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.8248

Authors

Keerthana N. A. Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, SS Nagara, Mysuru-570015
Kanthesh M. Basalingappa Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, SS Nagara, Mysuru-570015
Gopenath T. S. Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, SS Nagara, Mysuru-570015
Parthiban R. Department of Clinical Laboratory Services & Translational Research, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala
Prathibha Rajashekara S. Department of Botany, JSS College, Ooty Road, Mysuru-570025
Gnanasekaran Ashok Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30250, Malaysia | Centre for Infectious Diseases and Phytochemical Studies, Quest International University, Ipoh, Perak, 30250, Malaysia
Murugesan Karthikeyan Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30250, Malaysia
Ranjith Mehenderkar Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30250, Malaysia
Pugazhandhi Bakthavatchalam Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30250, Malaysia
Darsihini Rajasurian Pegawai Perubatan Siswazah UD41 (Houseman), Hospital Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia
Indumathi Ashok Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30250, Malaysia
Sarah Stephenie Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Integrated Life Sciences , Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30250, Malaysia
Shri Devi Department of Botany, Sri Sarada College for Women,(Autonomous), Salem, 636016

Keywords:

edible vaccines, transformation, transgenic plants, immune response, clinical trials, oral immunization, recombinant

Abstract

Infectious diseases cause more than one million deaths every year. Fifty percent of these diseases are caused by bacteria that infect the mucosal membrane of the mammalian host. Vaccines are recognized worldwide as one of the most effective resources against infectious diseases. It is a biological product that can improve the immune response to specific diseases. Edible vaccines are referred to the use of edible parts of the genetically modified plants. It effects on the lining of the gastrointestinal tract allows the activation of systemic immunity and mucosal immunity (GIT). Edible vaccines are used to prevent various diseases, such as hepatitis B, measles, malaria, cholera, Norwalk disease, anthrax, foot-and-mouth disease, rabies, rotavirus, HIV, HPV, diabetes, and sexually transmitted diseases. The purpose of this review is to introduce edible vaccines as a novel oral immunization method, the types and uses of edible vaccines in clinical trials.

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