Prospective open pilot study on the use of cam oleum ointment for feline calicivirus disease in cats in Baghdad City

Mohammed D. Mohammed Saeed; Atheer Abdulrazzaq Abdulazeez Aldoori; Hameed A. Al-Timmemi; Sara Saad; Maryam Jassim; Sabah A. A. Jassim

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6nS5.8799

Authors

Mohammed D. Mohammed Saeed College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Atheer Abdulrazzaq Abdulazeez Aldoori
mdurayd@gmail.com
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Hameed A. Al-Timmemi College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Sara Saad College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Maryam Jassim Applied Bio Research Inc., Windsor, Ontario, Canada
Sabah A. A. Jassim Applied Bio Research Inc., Windsor, Ontario, Canada

Keywords:

FCV Feline Calicivirus, RT-PCR, Laboratory technique, VTM Viral transport media

Abstract

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious virus that causes a mild to severe respiratory infection and oral disease in cats. It is especially common in shelters and breeding colonies, and often infects young cats, this study contained 50 different cats and samples were collected from September 2020 to January 2021. Samples taken by swabs from oropharyngeal and conjunctival area depending on the lesion of FCV infection to investigate viral nucleic acid from collected swabs, then extracting RNA from the swabs and converting it to a cDNA molecule, and last detecting the open reading template gene 2 using specific primer, these samples isolated from veterinary clinics, and shelters, all samples were collected from Baghdad city .Rapid test AG kit and Real time PCR were done to confirm the detection and the results gave us 28 positive results on rapid AG kit and RT-PCR results gave us 32 positive samples and the other 18 samples gave us negative results by detection with nanodrop device before sending all samples for molecular investigation by polymerase chain reaction. Most cats recover completely after a calicivirus infection when we treated with Camoleum ointmentprepared in veterinary medicine college lab.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abd-Eldaim, M. M. (2005). Genetic analysis of feline calicivirus (FCV) isolates associated with a hemorrhagic-like disease. The University of Tennessee.

AL-Dulimy, W. A. G., and Al-Ani, A.N.A. (2016). Selenium levels in clinically healthy Iraqi stray cats in Baghdad city: Wasan A. Gharbi AL-Dulimy and Ahmed N. Awad AL-Ani. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 40(1), 16-19.

Bannasch, M.J., Foley, J.E., 2005. Epidemiologic evaluation of multiple respiratory pathogens in cats in animal shelters. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 7, 109-119.

Beatty J, Barrs V. Antemortem diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis in two cats on cyclosporin therapy. Australian Veterinary Journal 2006; 84: 30–5.

Belgard, S., Truyen, U., Thibault, J. C., Sauter-Louis, C., & Hartmann, K. (2010). Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 123(9-10), 369-376.

Binns SH, Dawson S, Speakman AJ, Cuevas LE, Hart CA, Gaskell CJ, et al. A study of feline upper respiratory tract disease with reference to prevalence and risk factors for infection with feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus. J Feline Med Surg. 2000;2(3):123–33.

Cai Y, Fukushi H, Koyasu S, Kuroda E, Yamaguchi T, Hirai K. An etiological investigation of domestic cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 2002;64(3):215–9.

Coyne, K. P., Jones, B. R. D., Kipar, A., Chantrey, J., Porter, C. J., Barber, P. J., ... & Radford, A. D. (2006). Lethal outbreak of disease associated with feline calicivirus infection in cats. Veterinary Record, 158(16), 544-550.

Gharban, H. A., and Yousif, A. A. (2020). Serological, Clinical and Hematological prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Adult Cows, Iraq. Biochem. Cell. Arch, 20(1), 67-74.

Gregory CR, Madewell BR, Griffey SM et al. Feline leukemia virus-associated lymphosarcoma following renal transplantation in a cat. Transplantation 1991; 52: 1097–9.

Harbour DA, Howard PE, Gaskell RM. Isolation of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus from domestic cats 1980 to 1989. Vet Rec. 1991;128(4):77–80.

Hoover, E. A., & Kahn, D. E. (1975). Experimentally induced feline calicivirus infection: clinical signs and lesions. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 166(5), 463-468.

Last RD, Suzuki Y, Manning T et al. A case of fatal systemic toxoplasmosis in a cat being treated with cyclosporin A for feline atopy. Veterinary Dermatology 2004; 15: 194–8.

Latimer KS, Rakich PM, Purswell BJ et al. Effects of cyclosporin A administration in cats. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 1986; 11: 161–73.

Levy, J. K., & Marsh, A. (1992). Isolation of calicivirus from the joint of a kitten with arthritis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 201(5), 753-755.

Manson Publishing Ltd, 2009: 102–5.

McArdle HC, Dawson S, Coutts AJ, Bennett M, Hart CA, Ryvar R, et al. Seroprevalence and isolation rate of Bordetella bronchiseptica in cats in the UK. Vet Rec. 1994;135(21):506–7.

Noli C,Scarampella F.Prospectiveopenpilotstudyontheuseof ciclosporin for feline allergic skin disease. Journal of Small Animal Practice 2006; 47: 434–8.

Nuttall TJ, McKeever PJ, Harvey RG. Feline eosinophilic granu- loma complex. In: A Colour Handbook of Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 2nd edn. London:

Pedersen, N. C., Elliott, J. B., Glasgow, A., Poland, A., & Keel, K. (2000). An isolated epizootic of hemorrhagic-like fever in cats caused by a novel and highly virulent strain of feline calicivirus. Veterinary microbiology, 73(4), 281-300.

Radford, A. D., Coyne, K. P., Dawson, S., Porter, C. J., & Gaskell, R. M. (2007). Feline calicivirus. Veterinary research, 38(2), 319-335.

Reubel, G. H., Hoffmann, D. E., & Pedersen, N. C. (1992). Acute and Chronic Faucitis of Domestic Cats: A Feline Calicivirus–Induced Disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 22(6), 1347-1360.

Robson DC, Burton GG. Cyclosporin:applicationsinsmallanimal dermatology. Veterinary Dermatology 2003; 14: 1–9.

Schorr-Evans EM, Poland A, Johnson WE, Pedersen NC. An epizootic of highly virulent feline calicivirus disease in a hospital setting in New England. J Feline Med Surg. 2003 Aug;5(4):217-26.

Schulz C, Hartmann K, Mueller RS, Helps C, Schulz BS. 2015. Sampling sites for detection of feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus and chlamydia felis in cats with feline upper respiratory tract disease. J Feline Med Surg. 17(12):1012-1019.

Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin C. Skin immune system and allergic skin disease. In: Muller and Kirk’s Small Animal Derma- tology 6th edn. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Co., 2001: 543–666.

Spiri AM, Meli ML, Riond B, Herbert I, Hosie MJ, Hofmann-Lehmann R (2019): Environmental Contamination and Hygienic Measures After Feline Calicivirus Field Strain Infections of Cats in a Research Facility. Viruses 11(10).

TerWee, J., Lauritzen, A. Y., Sabara, M., Dreier, K. J., & Kokjohn, K. (1997). Comparison of the primary signs induced by experimental exposure to either a pneumotrophic or a ‘limping’strain of feline calicivirus. Veterinary Microbiology, 56(1-2), 33-45.

Vercelli A, Raviri G, Cornegliani L. The use of oral cyclosporin to treat feline dermatoses: a retrospective analysis of 23 cases. Veterinary Dermatology 2006; 17: 201–6.

Wardley, R. C., & Povey, R. C. (1977). The clinical disease and patterns of excretion associated with three different strains of feline caliciviruses. Research in Veterinary Science, 23(1), 7-14.

Willi, B., Spiri, A. M., Meli, M. L., Samman, A., Hoffmann, K., Sydler, T., ... & Hofmann-Lehmann, R. (2016). Molecular characterization and virus neutralization patterns of severe, non-epizootic forms of feline calicivirus infections resembling virulent systemic disease in cats in Switzerland and in Liechtenstein. Veterinary microbiology, 182, 202-212.

Wisselink MA, Willemse T.TheefficacyofcyclosporineAincats with presumed atopic dermatitis: a double blind, randomized prednisolone-controlled study. Veterinary Journal 2009; 180: 55–9.