Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on the biological aspects of the great waxworm Galleria mellonella

Munther Mujbel Ahmed Al-Mashhadani; Raghad Khalaf Ibraheem Al-Joboory

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6nS2.8949

Authors

Munther Mujbel Ahmed Al-Mashhadani
mndrmjbl@gmail.com
AL-Iraqia University
Raghad Khalaf Ibraheem Al-Joboory AL-Iraqia University

Keywords:

galleria mellonella, bacillus thuringiensis, honey bee

Abstract

The research was conducted to study the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on Galleria mellonella(L.) at a concentration of 3 and 5%. The results of the study showed that 5% concentration gave the highest rates of killing for the three phases (first, third, and fifth) 88.88, 88.88, and 77.77%, respectively, compared with the control treatment that did not record any killing. The treatment also prolonged the larval life of the same concentration and for the stages mentioned above, where it recorded 24, 17 and 14 days, respectively, compared with the control treatment, which recorded 20, 15 and 11 days, respectively. The results also showed an effect on the percentage of adult emergence, where the concentration was recorded 5% for the phases (first, third, and five) 11, 11, 22 % respectively, compared to the percentage of emergence in the comparison treatment, which was recorded as 100%.The results also showed the presence of deformation in adults with a concentration of 5%, of which the wings are short and wrinkled and their appearance is distorted, as the percentage of deformation for the same stages mentioned above was 11, 11, 0 %, compared with the control treatment that did not record any deformations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ali, A. A. and Watson, T. F. (1982). Efficacy of Dipel and Geocorispunctipes(Hemiptera:Lgaeiidae ) against the tobacco budworm ( Lepidoptera : Noctuidae ) on cotton. J. Econ. Entomol. 75(6): 1002-1004.

Bailey, L.; Ball, B. V. and Perry, J. N. (1981). The prevalence of viruses of honey bee in Britain. Ann. Appl. Biol. 97: 109-118.

Cantwell, G. E. and Smith, L. J. (1970). Control of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, in honeycomb and combhoney. Amer. Bee J. 110: 141.

DeBarjac, H. and Frachon, E. (1990). Classification of Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Entomophaga. 35(2): 233-240.

Elcin , YM .1995 . Control of Mosquito larvae by Encapsulated pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis Var. israelensis . in Pupmed will retrieve. 512 records.

Gilliam, M. (1985). Microbes from apiarian sources: Bacillus spp. in frass of the greater wax moth. J. Invertebrate pathology. 45(2): 218-224.

Goodman, R. D.; Williams, P.; Oldroyed, B. P. and Hoffmen, J. (1990). Studies on the use of phosphine gas for the control of greater wax moth (Galleriamellonella ) in stored honeybee comb. Amer. Bee J. 130: 473-477.

Govindarajan, R.; Tayaraj, S. and Narayana, K. (1979). Mortality of tobacco caterpiller Spodoptera littoralis when treated with Bacillus thuringiensis combination with boric acid and insecticide. Phytoparasitica. 4(3): 193-196.

Jay, E. G.; Cantwell, G. E.; Pearman Jr, G. C. and Thompson, J. V. (1972). Control of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus), in comb honey with carbon dioxide. Part II. Field studies. Amer. Bee J. 112: 342-344.

Lacey, L. A. (1997). Biological techniques " Manual of techniques in insect pathology ". Academic Press. USA. pp. 409.

Lee L;Saxena,D;Stotzky,G . 2003. Activity of free and Clay_ bound insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis Sub. Israelensis against the Mosquito Culex pipiens. Appl Environmicrobiol , 69(7): 4111-5.

Lima,Josê,Bento;Nilson, Vieira de Melo;Denise,Valle.2005. Residual effect of tow Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis Products Assayed against Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) in Laboratory and outdoors at Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.Rev.Inst.Med.trop. S. Paulo. 47 (3): 125 – 130.

Mason,R. L.,Gunst,R.F. and Hess J. L. (2003) Statiscal design and analysis of experiments. Welly – Interscience New Jersey.

Oertel, E. (1969). Losses caused by greater wax moth. Amer. Bee J. 109: 145.

Philip, C. (1982). Certan - a bacterial insecticide for control wax moth. Amer. Bee J. 122: 200-20.

Poopathi, Subbiah and S. Abidha .2010.Mosquitocidal Bacterial toxins (Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis) Mode of action, cytopathological effects and Mechanism of resistance. Journal of Physiology and Pathophsiology.Vol. 1 (3). pp. 22 – 38.

Sharma, SN; Shukla, RP; Maittal, PK; Adak, T; Kumar, A .2003. Efficy of Anew formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis Var israelensis( Bti ) in Laboratory and Field conditions of Kumaunfo thills of a Uttaranchal , India . J Commun,Dis. 35(4): 290_ 9.

Skovmand, O. Sanogo, E. 1999. Experimental Formulations of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera:Culicidae) in Burkina Faso. Danish Bilharzia Laboratory,Charlottenlund, Denmark. 36 (1): 62 – 7.

Snch, B.; Schuster, S. and Broza, M. (1981). Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis strain against the Egyptian cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis(Lepidoptera:Noctuid). Entomophaga. 26(2): 179-190.

Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). Health and treatment of diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(1), i-v. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n1.2864

Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(2), vi-ix. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n2.2937

Szabo, I. T. and Heikel, D. (1987). Fumigation with SO2 to control wax moth in honeybee comb. Bee World. 68: 37-38.

Warhust, P. and Goebel, R. (1995). The bee book, beekeeping in the warmer areas of Australia. State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industries. pp. 244.