Black sesame-fortified soymilk improves psychotic symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia patients
Keywords:
schizophrenia, black sesame, brief psychiatric rating scale, micronutrientsAbstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disease with neural lesion. Black sesame, medicinal plant enriched with micronutrients has been reported to boost brain functions, but its effects on schizophrenia symptoms have not been elucidated. This prospective one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was aimed to investigate effects of the black sesame-fortified soymilk (a daily serving size of 180-mL soymilk contained 3.5 g of black sesame seeds and 2 g of black sesame oil) for 3 weeks on psychotic symptoms (brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) score) in 63 patients with first-episode schizophrenia. At baseline, 46 had normal (≤ 36) and 17 had high (> 36) BPRS scores. The mean BMI in all subjects was 22.5±0.4 Kg/m2. Twelve participants were underweighted, 30 were normal, and 21 were overweight. BPRS scores measured at baseline (pretest) were normal (n = 46) and high BPRS (n = 17). After 3 weeks of intervention of black sesame-fortified soymilk (posttest), number of the normal-BPRS patients significantly increased from 46 to 60 whereas number of the high-BPRS patients significantly reduced from 17 to 3 persons (McNemar test < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.304). These results suggested that the 3-week black sesame-fortified soymilk was feasible to reduce the psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia patients.
Downloads
References
Amani, R. (2007). Is dietary pattern of schizophrenia patients different from healthy subjects? BMC Psychiatry, 7, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-7-15
Andersen, J., Larsen, J. K., Schultz, V., Nielsen, B. M., Korner, A., Behnke, K., Munk-Andersen, E., Butler, B., Allerup, P., & Bech, P. (1989). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Dimension of schizophrenia--reliability and construct validity. Psychopathology, 22(2-3), 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1159/000284591
Arvindakshan, M., Ghate, M., Ranjekar, P. K., Evans, D. R., & Mahadik, S. P. (2003). Supplementation with a combination of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants (vitamins E and C) improves the outcome of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, 62(3), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00284-0
Boskovic, M., Vovk, T., Kores Plesnicar, B., & Grabnar, I. (2011). Oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Curr Neuropharmacol, 9(2), 301-312. https://doi.org/10.2174/157015911795596595
Cao, B., Sun, X. Y., Zhang, C. B., Yan, J. J., Zhao, Q. Q., Yang, S. Y., Yan, L. L., Huang, N. H., Zeng, J., Liao, J. Y., & Wang, J. Y. (2018). Association between B vitamins and schizophrenia: A population-based case-control study. Psychiatry Res, 259, 501-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.006
Cheng, F. C., Jinn, T. R., Hou, R. C., & Tzen, J. T. (2006). Neuroprotective effects of sesamin and sesamolin on gerbil brain in cerebral ischemia. Int J Biomed Sci, 2(3), 284-288. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674992
Chow, T. J., Loh, H. C., Tee, S. F., & Tang, P. Y. (2010). Evaluation of carotenoid level in schizophrenic patients using non-invasive measurement. Asian J Psychiatr, 3(4), 190-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2010.09.006
Condray, R., Dougherty, G. G., Jr., Keshavan, M. S., Reddy, R. D., Haas, G. L., Montrose, D. M., Matson, W. R., McEvoy, J., Kaddurah-Daouk, R., & Yao, J. K. (2011). 3-Hydroxykynurenine and clinical symptoms in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, 14(6), 756-767. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145710001689
Consultation, W. H. O. E. (2004). Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet, 363(9403), 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
Cui, X., McGrath, J. J., Burne, T. H. J., & Eyles, D. W. (2021). Vitamin D and schizophrenia: 20 years on. Mol Psychiatry, 26(7), 2708-2720. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01025-0
Eklund, M., Leufstadius, C., & Bejerholm, U. (2009). Time use among people with psychiatric disabilities: implications for practice. Psychiatr Rehabil J, 32(3), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.2975/32.3.2009.177.191
Gracious, B. L., Finucane, T. L., Friedman-Campbell, M., Messing, S., & Parkhurst, M. N. (2012). Vitamin D deficiency and psychotic features in mentally ill adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 12, 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-38
Hare, D., Ayton, S., Bush, A., & Lei, P. (2013). A delicate balance: Iron metabolism and diseases of the brain. Front Aging Neurosci, 5, 34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2013.00034
Ishii, Y., Ishihara, J., Takachi, R., Shinozawa, Y., Imaeda, N., Goto, C., Wakai, K., Takahashi, T., Iso, H., Nakamura, K., Tanaka, J., Shimazu, T., Yamaji, T., Sasazuki, S., Sawada, N., Iwasaki, M., Mikami, H., Kuriki, K., Naito, M., Tsugane, S. (2017). Comparison of weighed food record procedures for the reference methods in two validation studies of food frequency questionnaires. J Epidemiol, 27(7), 331-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.je.2016.08.008
Ito, H., Kumagai, T., Kimura, M., Koike, S., & Shimizu, T. (2015). Dietary Intake in Body Mass Index Differences in Community-Based Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia. Iran J Public Health, 44(5), 639-645. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26284204
Ivanovitch, K., Klaewkla, J., Chongsuwat, R., Viwatwongkasem, C., & Kitvorapat, W. (2014). The intake of energy and selected nutrients by thai urban sedentary workers: an evaluation of adherence to dietary recommendations. J Nutr Metab, 2014, 145182. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/145182
Jablensky, A. (2010). The diagnostic concept of schizophrenia: its history, evolution, and future prospects. Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 12(3), 271-287. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20954425
Kawamoto, E. M., Vivar, C., & Camandola, S. (2012). Physiology and pathology of calcium signaling in the brain. Front Pharmacol, 3, 61. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2012.00061
Kesby, J. P., Cui, X., Ko, P., McGrath, J. J., Burne, T. H., & Eyles, D. W. (2009). Developmental vitamin D deficiency alters dopamine turnover in neonatal rat forebrain. Neurosci Lett, 461(2), 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2009.05.070
Kim, S. W., Stewart, R., Park, W. Y., Jhon, M., Lee, J. Y., Kim, S. Y., Kim, J. M., Amminger, P., Chung, Y. C., & Yoon, J. S. (2018). Latent Iron Deficiency as a Marker of Negative Symptoms in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111707
Kluge, M., Schuld, A., Himmerich, H., Dalal, M., Schacht, A., Wehmeier, P. M., Hinze-Selch, D., Kraus, T., Dittmann, R. W., & Pollmacher, T. (2007). Clozapine and olanzapine are associated with food craving and binge eating: results from a randomized double-blind study. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 27(6), 662-666. https://doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e31815a8872
Kuehnl, S., Schroecksnadel, S., Temml, V., Gostner, J. M., Schennach, H., Schuster, D., Schwaiger, S., Rollinger, J. M., Fuchs, D., & Stuppner, H. (2013). Lignans from Carthamus tinctorius suppress tryptophan breakdown via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Phytomedicine, 20(13), 1190-1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.006
Mahendra Kumar, C., & Singh, S. A. (2015). Bioactive lignans from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial effects for food applications. J Food Sci Technol, 52(5), 2934-2941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1334-6
McGrath, J., Brown, A., & St Clair, D. (2011). Prevention and schizophrenia--the role of dietary factors. Schizophr Bull, 37(2), 272-283. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbq121
McGrath, J., Saari, K., Hakko, H., Jokelainen, J., Jones, P., Jarvelin, M. R., Chant, D., & Isohanni, M. (2004). Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth cohort study. Schizophr Res, 67(2-3), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2003.08.005
McGrath, J., Saha, S., Chant, D., & Welham, J. (2008). Schizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiol Rev, 30, 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxn001
McGrath, J. J., Eyles, D. W., Pedersen, C. B., Anderson, C., Ko, P., Burne, T. H., Norgaard-Pedersen, B., Hougaard, D. M., & Mortensen, P. B. (2010). Neonatal vitamin D status and risk of schizophrenia: a population-based case-control study. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(9), 889-894. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.110
Meisenzahl, E. M., Schmitt, G. J., Scheuerecker, J., & Moller, H. J. (2007). The role of dopamine for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Int Rev Psychiatry, 19(4), 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260701502468
Messina, M. (2016). Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature. Nutrients, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120754
Milovanovic, D. R., Stanojevic Pirkovic, M., Zivancevic Simonovic, S., Matovic, M., Djukic Dejanovic, S., Jankovic, S. M., Ravanic, D., Petronijevic, M., Ignjatovic Ristic, D., Mladenovic, V., Jovanovic, M., Nikolic Labovic, S., Pajovic, M., Djokovic, D., Petrovic, D., & Janjic, V. (2016). Parameters of Calcium Metabolism Fluctuated during Initiation or Changing of Antipsychotic Drugs. Psychiatry Investig, 13(1), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2016.13.1.89
Mohamed, E. A., Ahmed, H. I., Zaky, H. S., & Badr, A. M. (2021). Sesame oil mitigates memory impairment, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. A pivotal role of NF-kappaB/p38MAPK/BDNF/PPAR-gamma pathways. J Ethnopharmacol, 267, 113468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113468
Moustafa, A. A., Hewedi, D. H., Eissa, A. M., Frydecka, D., & Misiak, B. (2014). Homocysteine levels in schizophrenia and affective disorders-focus on cognition. Front Behav Neurosci, 8, 343. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00343
Muntjewerff, J. W., Kahn, R. S., Blom, H. J., & den Heijer, M. (2006). Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and risk of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry, 11(2), 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001746
Overall, J. E., & Pfefferbaum, B. (1982). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children. Psychopharmacol Bull, 18(2), 10-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7111598
Panzella, L., Eidenberger, T., & Napolitano, A. (2018). Anti-Amyloid Aggregation Activity of Black Sesame Pigment: Toward a Novel Alzheimer's Disease Preventive Agent. Molecules, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030676
Patel, K. R., Cherian, J., Gohil, K., & Atkinson, D. (2014). Schizophrenia: overview and treatment options. P T, 39(9), 638-645. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25210417
Pickar, D., & Bartko, J. J. (2003). Effect size of symptom status in withdrawal of typical antipsychotics and subsequent clozapine treatment in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry, 160(6), 1133-1138. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1133
Rimpeekool, W., Seubsman, S.-a., Banwell, C., Kirk, M., Yiengprugsawan, V., & Sleigh, A. (2015). Food and nutrition labelling in Thailand: a long march from subsistence producers to international traders. Food policy, 56, 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.011
Roffman, J. L., Lamberti, J. S., Achtyes, E., Macklin, E. A., Galendez, G. C., Raeke, L. H., Silverstein, N. J., Smoller, J. W., Hill, M., & Goff, D. C. (2013). Randomized multicenter investigation of folate plus vitamin B12 supplementation in schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(5), 481-489. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.900
Shi, L. K., Liu, R. J., Jin, Q. Z., & Wang, X. G. (2017). The contents of lignans in sesame seeds and commercial sesame oils of China. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 94(8), 1035-1044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-017-3018-7
Wang, R., Wang, W., Aung, M. S., Ben-Zeev, D., Brian, R., Campbell, A. T., Choudhury, T., Hauser, M., Kane, J., & Scherer, E. A. (2017). Predicting symptom trajectories of schizophrenia using mobile sensing. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 1(3), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3276145.3276157
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
