Evaluate the severity of bone impairment in different types of sickle cell anemia in Basrah province- Iraq

Lamyaa K. Oudah; Hanaa S. Kadhim; Mahdi M. Thuwaini

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6nS6.12271

Authors

Lamyaa K. Oudah
lamyaa.kadhim@sci.utq.edu.iq
Department of Pathological Analysis / College of Science / Thi -Qar University- Iraq
Hanaa S. Kadhim Department of Pathological Analysis / College of Science Basra- University - Iraq
Mahdi M. Thuwaini Department of community health / College of Health & Medical Technology, Southern Technical/ Basra- University- Iraq

Keywords:

sickle cell anemia, biomarkers, bone

Abstract

Sickle cell anemia (SCD) is one of the important health problems in Basrah, southern Iraq. which is probably the most common known hereditary blood disorder. patients with sickle cell disorders often suffer from chronic hemolytic anemia, which causes bone marrow hyperplasia too. The present study aimed to evaluate the severity of bone impairment in different types of sickle cell anemia in patients. Patients with SCA (n=120) 60 males and 60 females were on follow up in the Basra center for Hereditary Blood Disease, who were included in this study and age and sex matched healthy persons (n=60) as controls. biomarkers had important role in many biological processes. measure serum levels of different biomarkers such as; BCTx, BSAP, CRP, DPD, IGF-1, OT, TRACP-5b, FER, IGFBPT, Intact (iPTH), Ostase, PINP and serum Ca+. Using Kruskal-Wallis test as statistical test, markers in sickle cell anemia and control groups. The results showed were statistical significant differences among the groups of patients included in this study and control group for all the biomarkers that were measured (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The compound heterozygous(Hb SC Hb S/β-thal, ) are less severe than the homozygous genotype (HbSS).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adewoye AH, Chen TC, Ma Q, McMahon L, Mathieu J, Malabanan A, Steinberg MH, Holick MF. (2008) Sickle cell bone disease: response to vitamin D and calcium. Am J Hematol. 83(5):433.

Adnan I. Al-Badran, Meaad K. Hassan and Assad F. Washil. 2016. β-Thalassemia Mutations among Thalassemia Major Patients in Basrah Province – Iraq Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.5(5): 448-457 .

AL-Amiri R.M., Khadum H.S. and Issa A.H.( 2019) “Changes in Gases, Electrolyte and Lactate acid during Normal Delivery and Caesarean section”. Sci. J. Med. Res.; 3 (9): 21-24.

Al-Heje,Z.,Al-Sudani ,H.,Al-Amiri ,R,.Jasim ,M,.(2021). Evolution of visfatin hormone level in Basrah obese women journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research ISSN: 0975-3583,VOL 12, ISSUE 03.

Ali D. H., Hassan M. K. and Ahmed B. A. (2015). Psychosocial Impact of Sickle Cell Disease on Families in Basra, Southern Iraq; an Experience of Caregivers. International Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (IJMPS), 5(4), 41–52.

Ali H. Al-Ashour,; Iqbal A. Al-Rufaei,; Maha K. Al-Mallak .(2021).Effect of Vit. D3 supplementation on some physiological , histological parameters on Thioacet Amide induced liver fibrosis male rats . Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X.

Ataga KI, Brittain JE, Desai P, May R, Jones S, Delaney J, et al. (2012) Association of coagulation activation with clinical complications in sickle cell disease. PLoS ONE.;7(1):e29786:1-7.

Ballas, S. K (2001). Sickle cell disease: current clinical management. Seminars in Hematology, 2001. Elsevier, 307-314.

Ballas, S.K.; Gupta, K.; Adams-Graves, P. Sickle cell pain: A critical reappraisal. Blood 2012, 120, 3647–3656.

Benenson, I. and Porter, S. (2018) Sickle Cell Disease: Bone, Joint, Muscle, and Motor Complications‘,Orthopaedic Nursing,37(4),pp.221-227.doi:10.1097/NOR. 37(4), pp. 221–227. 0000000000000464.

Bennett EL(2011). Understanding growth failure in children with homozygous sickle-cell disease. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 74-67:28.

Bolarin, D.M.; Azinge, E.C. (2010).Osteocalcin and specific markers of bone resorption in sickle cell disease. Acta Physiol. Hung., 97, 290–296.

Broucek, J. (2021). Action of High Temperatures on the Biochemical Parameters of Cows. Zivocisna Vyroba

Cao, Y., Xi, J., Tang, C., Yang, Z., Liu, W., You, X., Feng, N., Zhang, X., Wu, J., Yu, Y., & Luan, Y. (2021a). PIG-A gene mutation as a genotoxicity biomaker in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-exposed barbecue workers. Genes and Environment, 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41021-021-00230-1.

Ceglie G, Di Mauro M, Tarissi De Jacobis I, et al. (2019). Gender-Related Differences in Sickle Cell Disease in a Pediatric Cohort: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. front Mol Biosci. 6:140.

Da Guarda CC, Yahouédéhou S.(2020), Santiago RP, et al. Sickle cell disease: A distinction of two most frequent genotypes (HbSS and HbSC). PLoS One.15(1). 0228399 .

DAVID, H., BRIDGMAN, S., SC DAVIES, A. H. & EMERY, R.( 1993). The shoulder in sickle-cell disease. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 75-B, No. 4.

De Luna, G.; Ranque, B.; Courbebaisse, M.; Ribeil, J.A.; Khimoud, D.; Dupeux, S.; Silvera, J.; Oredo, L.; ouchot, J.; Arlet, J.B. (2018)High bone mineral density in sickle cell disease: Prevalence and characteristics. Bone, 110, 199–203.

Duggan, R. (2001). Biochemical markers of bone and Ca++ metabolism. Clin. Lab. Int.24: 14.

Evrensel, A., & Tarhan, K. (2020). Inflammation Biomakers In Psychiatry.Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews, 16. doi. org/10.2174/2666082216999200625115701

Faienza, M.F.; Brunetti, G.; Ventura, A.; Piacente, L.; Messina, M.F.; De Luca, F.; Ciccarelli, M.; Oranger, A.; Mori, G.; Natale, M.P.;et al(2015) Mechanisms of enhanced osteoclastogenesis in girls and young women with Turner Syndrome. Bone, 81, 228–236.

Fakunle E, Eteng,KI, Shokunbi,WA.( 2012) .D- dimer levels in patients with sickle cell disease during bone pain crises and in the steady state. Pathology and aboratory Medicine International;4:21-25.

FanestilVichaka , Van Siclen Carleen. (2015). Differentiation Between Sickle Cell Anemia and S/β0 Thalassemia. Laboratory Medicine. 46(3). 79-81

Ferrè S., Neyra J. A. and Moe, O. W. (2020). Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease. In Chronic Renal Disease (second edi, pp. 661–679). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815876-0.00041-3.

Fung, E.B.; Kawchak, D.A.; Zemel, B.S.; Rovner, A.J.; Ohene-Frempong, K.; tallings, V.A.( 2008 )Markers of bone turnover are associated with growth and development in young subjects with sickle cell anemia. Pediatr. Blood Cancer, 50, 620–623.

Giordano , P .; Urbano , F .; Lassandro , G .; Faienza , M.F.( 2021) Mechanisms of Bone Impairment in Sickle Bone Disease . Int . J. Environ . Res . Public Health , 18 , 1832 .

Giustina, A.; Bouillon, R.; Binkley, N.; Sempos, C.; Adler, R.A.; Bollerslev, J.; Dawson-Hughes, B.; Ebeling, P.R.; Feldman,D.; Heijboer, A.; et al.(2020) Controversies in Vitamin D: A Statement from the Third International Conference. JBMR Plus, 4,e10417.

Gualandro SF, Fonseca GH, Yokomizo IK, Gualandro DM, Suganuma LM (2015). Cohort study of adult patients with haemoglobin SC disease: clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality. Br J Haematol;171:631–7.

Hirama, H., & Sugimoto, M. (2018). New biomaker: ProPSA. Japanese Journal of Clinical Urology, 72, 1050–1053 .

Hoffbrand, A. V., Vyas, P., Campo, E., Haferlach, T. & Gomez, K.( 2019). Color Atlas of Clinical Hematology: Molecular and Cellular Basis of Disease, John Wiley & Sons. Blackwell, 1-485.

Kalpatthi R, Novelli EM. (2018) Measuring success: utility of biomarkers in sickle cell disease clinical trials and care. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. (1):482-492.

Khairallah, M. & Al-Mallak, M.K. (2022). Effect of Glutamine supplementation onistological and some pathophysiological parameters of the male rat with induced hypothyroidism by propylthiouracil (PTU). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 9(Special Issue 1, 2022): 309-319

Lahhob, Q. R., Mohammed, N. Y., & Abbas, H. J. (2021b). Study of Some Minerals and Trace Elements Levels in patients with Sickle Cell Anemia and Sickle Cell Anemia thalassemia in South of Iraq. Biochemical and Cellular Archives, 21(1), 1091–1095.

Leonard, A. et al. (2021) ‗Curative therapy for hemoglobinopathies: an International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Stem Cell Engineering Committee review comparing outcomes, accessibility and cost of ex vivo stem cell gene therapy versus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transpl‘, Cytotherapy.

Liberati, A.; Altman, D.G.; Tetzlaff, J.; Mulrow, C.; Gøtzsche, P.C.; Ioannidis, J.P.; Clarke, M.; Devereaux, P.J.; Kleijnen, J.; Moher, D.( 2009)The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions:Explanation and elaboration. J. Clin. Epidemiol., 62, e1–e34.

Luporini SM, Bendit I, Manhani R, Bracco OL, Manzella L, Giannella-Neto D(2001). Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I axis and growth of children with different sickle cell anemia haplotypes. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol .363-357.

Mandese, V.; Bigi, E.; Bruzzi, P.; Palazzi, G.; Predieri, B.; Lucaccioni, L.; Cellini, M.; Iughetti, L. (2019). Endocrine and metabolic complications in children and adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease: An Italian cohort study. BMC Pediatr., 19, 56.

Manoj, K., & Patro, M. (2021). Reticulocyte haemoglobin as a diagnostic marker. Journal of Current Medical Research and Practice, 11, 78–82. https://doi.org/10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_19_21.

Mathias Emokpae, A., Patrick Ojiefo, U. and Aisha, K.-G. (2010) .Antioxidant enzymes and acute phase proteins correlate with marker of lipid peroxide in adult Nigerian sickle cell disease patients‘, Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 13(4), pp. 177–182.

Mehta, P., & Gupta, M. (2016, January 4). Treatment Resistant Depression: Mechanisms and Biomarkers.

Miniello, V.L.; Faienza, M.F.; Scicchitano, P.; Cortese, F.; Gesualdo, M.; Zito, A.; Basile, M.; Recchia, P.; Leogrande, D.; Viola, D.; et al. (. 2014)Insulin resistance and endothelial function in children and adolescents. Int. J. Cardiol, 174, 343–347.

Nagel RL, Fabry ME, Steinberg MH (2003). The paradox of hemoglobin SC disease. Blood Rev;17:167–78.

Narkhova, A. G. (2021). Biochemical parameters of canned mountain ASH. AGRO-industrial technologies of the central RUSSIA, 2, 17–24.

Nolan, V.G.; Nottage, K.A.; Cole, E.W.; Hankins, J.S.; Gurney, J.G.( 2015). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in sickle cell disease:A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 10, e0119908.

Nouraie, M.; Cheng, K.; Niu, X.; Moore-King, E.; Fadojutimi-Akinsi, M.F.; Minniti, C.P.; Sable, C.; Rana, S.; Dham, N.;Campbell, A.; et al(2011) Predictors of osteoclast activity in patients with sickle cell disease. Haematologica, 96, 1092–1098.

PLATT, O. S., BRAMBILLA, D. J., ROSSE, W. F., MILNER, P. F., CASTRO, O., STEINBERG, M. H. & KLUG, P. P.( 1994). Mortality in sickle cell disease--life expectancy and risk factors for early death. New England Journal of Medicine, 330, 1639-1644.

Rabab Ali Al-Mosawi and Khalid G. Al-Fartosi (2019) Hepatic and Renal Status of Patients with Sickle Cell-β Thalassemia in Thi-Qar Province/Iraq, Journal of International Pharmaceutical Research 46(6): 98-103.

Ravikanth , R. , Abraham , M. J. , & Alapati , A. ( 2017 ). Musculoskeletal manifestations in sickle cell anemia Medical Journal of Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth , 10 ( 5 ), 453 .

Romero Z, Urbinati F, Geiger S, Cooper AR, Wherley J, Kaufman ML, et al. ( 2013). Beta- globin gene transfer to human bone marrow for sickle cell disease. The Journal of clinical investigation, 123, 3317-3330.

Sadat-Ali, M.; Al-Elq, A.; Sultan, O.; Al-Turki, H. Secondary osteoporosis due to sickle cell anemia: Do sex steroids play a role? Indian J. Med. Sci. 2008, 62, 193–198.

Santoso, P., Adrianta, K. A., & Wiranatha, I. G. (2021). Phytochemical screening and in vivo test of dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L) fruit extract on mice exposed to cigarette smoke. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 4(2), 246-252. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijhms.v4n2.1722

Shi, F., Wu, T., Zhu, X., ge, Y., Zeng, X., Chi, Y., Du, X., Zhu, L., Zhu, F., Zhu, B., Cui, L., & Wu, B. (2020). Association of viral load with serum biomarkers among COVID-19 cases. Virology, 546.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2020.04.011.

SHI, X., LI, C., LIANG, B., HE, K. & LI, X.( 2014). Weak cation magnetic separation technology and MALDI-TOF-MS in screening serum protein markers in primary type I osteoporosis. Genet Mol Res, 14, 15285-15294.

Sultana M. A. and Akhter Q. S. (2018). Serum calcium and serum phosphate levels in transfusion dependent beta thalassemia. Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist, 13(2), 54–58.

Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2022). Post-pandemic health and its sustainability: Educational situation. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(1), i-v. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.5949

Tsitsikas, D.A.; Vize, J.; Abukar, J.( 2020) Fat Embolism Syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease. J. Clin. Med., 9, 3601.

Udezue E, Girshab AM. (2004). Differences between males and females in adult sickle cell pain crisis in eastern Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 24(3):179-182.

VANDERHAVE, K. L., PERKINS, C. A., SCANNELL, B. & BRIGHTON, B. K.( 2018). Orthopaedic manifestations of sickle cell disease. JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 26, 94-101.

Widana, I. K., Sumetri, N. W., & Sutapa, I. K. (2018). Effect of improvement on work attitudes and work environment on decreasing occupational pain. International Journal of Life Sciences, 2(3), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v2n3.209

Zhou, L., Zhu, R., Lan, Y., Yang, J., Sun, Y., Hou, Y., Ma, X., & Liu, Y. (2021). Simultaneous Determination of 1-Methyltryptophan and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Biomakers of Tryptophan and Kynurenine in Mice Tumors by HPLC–MS/MS. Chromatographia, 84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-021-04043-w.

Zijlstra, W., Buursma, A., & Assendelft, O. (2021b). Absorption Spectra of Pig Haemoglobin (pp. 133–145). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429071096-12.

Zou, J. et al. (2021) .Application of an optimized interpretation model in capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis for newborn thalassemia screening‘, International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, (April), pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13687.