Identification and characterization of Ethyl gallate from Ethyl acetate fraction of Phyllanthus emblica fruit, and invitro free radical scavenging activity

G. Balaji; Rajendra Sangaraju; Sukesh Narayan Sinha; P. Shashikala

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6nS8.12333

Authors

G. Balaji Division of Food Safety, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-osmania, Hyderabad- 500007, India & Department of pharmacy, University college of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500027, India
Rajendra Sangaraju Division of Food Safety, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-osmania, Hyderabad- 500007, India
Sukesh Narayan Sinha
sukeshnr_sinha@yahoo.com
Division of Food Safety, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-osmania, Hyderabad- 500007, India
P. Shashikala Department of pharmacy, University college of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500027, India

Keywords:

Phyllanthus emblica, radical scavenging activity, antioxidant, polyphenols

Abstract

Phyllanthus emblica fruit has a rich source of polyphenolic compounds and is widely used due to its medicinal properties. A portion of the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from 70% methanol extract (70% ME) showed greater 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging activities. Moreover, EAF has more polyphenol content than 70% ME. The EAF was subjected to a dry silica gel column eluted successively with a mixture of chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid (2.8: 2.4: 0.4ml) as a mobile phase solvent system, and to afford various fractions. EAF and isolated fraction-1 of ethyl gallate (EG) showed a unique pattern of EG standard chromatogram in thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. EAF and isolated fraction-1 real time (R.T) of the peaks were unique compared with those of the standard chromatogram in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. This chromatogram fraction was collected from isolated fraction-1 at the same R.T time by multiple HPLC analysis. The collected fraction from HPLC was injected into Mass spectroscopy (MS) and it showed a molecular ion at m/z 197 corresponding to C₉H₁₀O₅. The substance was identified as EG based on the results mentioned above.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Calderon, ´ A. I, Romero, L. I., Ortega-Barr, E., Brun, R., Mireya, D., Correa, A., Gupta, M. P. (2006). Evaluation of larvicidal and in vitro. Antiparasitic Activities of plants in a biodiversity plot in the altos de campana national park, Panama. Pharmaceutical Biology, 44(7), 487–98.

Chaphalkar, R., Apte, K. G., Talekar, Y., Ojha, S. K., & Nandave, M. (2017). Antioxidants of Phyllanthus emblica L. Bark Extract Provide Hepatoprotection against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Damage: A Comparison with Silymarin. Oxidative Med Cell Longev, 2017, 3876040.

Dhingra, D., Joshi, P., Gupta, A., & Chhillar, R. (2012). Possible involvement of monoaminergic neurotransmission in antidepressant-like activity of Emblica officinalis fruits in mice. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 18(5), 419-25.

Gul, M., Liu, Z. W., Iahtisham-Ul-Haq., Rabail, R., Faheem, F., Walayat, N., Nawaz, A., Shabbir, M. A., Munekata, P. E. S., Lorenzo, J. M., & Aadil, R. M. (2022). Functional and Nutraceutical Significance of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.): A Review. Antioxidants (Basel), 11(5):816.

Kumar, N., Mishra, M. K., & Agrawal, O. P. (2022). In-vitro antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of crinum latifolium using different method. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S3), 9475–9481. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.8316

Kumari, P., & Khatkar, B. S. (2019). Effect of processing treatment on nutritional properties and phytochemical contents of aonla (Emblica officinalis) juice. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(4), 2010-2015.

Mahajan, A., & Pai, N. (2010). Simultaneous isolation and identification of phytoconstituents from Terminalia chebula by preparative chromatography. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(5), 97-103. Mehla, K., Balwani, S., Agrawal, A., & Ghosh, B. (2013). Ethyl gallate attenuates acute lung injury through Nrf2 signaling. Biochimie, 95(12), 2404-14.

Mieles, G. J., Quiroz, A. M. V., Borges, C. G. R., & Pérez, A. V. (2020). Quality management of electricity service with photovoltaic generation distributed in rural area. International Journal of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 4(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijpse.v4n1.424

Miller, N. J., Sampson, J., Candeias, L. P., Bramely, P. M. & Rice-Evans, C. A. (1996). Antioxidant activities of carotenes and xanthophylls. FEBS Letters, 384(3), 240–242.

Muthuraman, A., Sood, S., & Singla, S. K. (2011). The antiinflammatory potential of phenolic compounds from Emblica officinalis L. in rat. Inflammopharmacology, 19(6), 327-34.

Peterson, D. M., Emmons, C. L., & Hibbs, A. H. (2001). Phenolic antioxidants and antioxidant activity in pearling fractions of oat groats. Journal of Cereal Science, 33(1):97-103.

Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free radical biology and medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-7.

Saleem, A., Husheem, M., Harkonen P, & Pihlaja K. (2002). Inhibition of cancer cell growth by crude extract and the phenolics of Terminalia chebula retz. fruit. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81(3), 327–36.

Shibata, H., Kondo, K., Katsuyama, R., Kawazoe, K., Sato, Y., Murakami, K., Shibata, H., Kondo, K., Katsuyama, R., Kawazoe, K., Sato, Y., Murakami, K., Takaishi, Y., Arakaki, N., & Higuti, T. (2005). Alkyl gallates, intensifiers of beta-lactam susceptibility in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 49(2), 549–55.

Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). Get vaccinated when it is your turn and follow the local guidelines. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(3), x-xv. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n3.2938

Tachakittirungrod, S., Okonogi, S., & Chowwanapoonpohn, S. (2007). Study on antioxidant activity of certain plants in Thailand: Mechanism of antioxidant action of guava leaf extract. Food Chemistry, 103(2), 381–388.

Yang, C. B., Zhang, F., Deng, M. C., Hea, G. Y., Yuec, J. M., & Lua, R. H. (2007). A New Ellagitannin from the Fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 54(6), 1615-1618.

Yoshioka, K., Kataoka, T., Hayashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Ishi, Y., & Hibasami, H. (2000). Induction of apoptosis by gallic acid in human stomach cancer KATO III and colon adenocarcinoma COLO 205 cell lines. Oncology Reports, 7(6), 1221–3.

Zhang, Z., Liao, L., Moore, J., Wu, T., & Wang, Z. (2009). Antioxidant phenolic compounds from walnut kernels (Juglans regia L.). Food Chemistry, 113(1), 160–165.

Zheng, G., Xu, L., Wu, P., Xie, H., Jiang, Y., Chen, F., & Wei, X. (2009). Polyphenols from longan seeds and their radical-scavenging activity. Food Chemistry, 116(2), 433–6.