Toxoplasma Gondii a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease infection, in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq

https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS8.12368

Authors

  • Zahraa K. Al-Shabani Department of Biology, College of Science, University of AL- Qadisiyah
  • Ali B. Mohsen AL-Waaly Department of Biology, College of Science, University of AL- Qadisiyah

Keywords:

Toxoplasma Gondii, risk factor, Alzheimer's disease infection

Abstract

The results of the serological examination of 35 patients with Alzheimer's disease showed that 21 of them were infected with Toxoplasma Gondii by 60% for the period from the beginning of February until the end of May 2022, the high odds ratio value (OR = 7.87) showed the role of Toxoplasma infection in causing Alzheimer's disease, and there was no effect of age and gender on infection with Toxoplasma parasite in Alzheimer's patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Gharibawi, Y. K., & Al-Waaly, A. B. (2021). Pregnant Women With Toxoplasmosis In Al-Hai City, Wasit Governorate, Iraq. NVEO-NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal| NVEO, 5431-5440.‏

Bayani, M., Riahi, S. M., Bazrafshan, N., Gamble, H. R., &Rostami, A. (2019). Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk of Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis on observational studies. Actatropica, 196, 165-171.

Bouscaren, N., Pilleron, S., Mbelesso, P., Ndamba‐Bandzouzi, B., Dartigues, J. F., Clément, J. P., Group, E. (2018). Prevalence of toxoplasmosis and its association with dementia in older adults in Central Africa: a result from the EPIDEMCA programme. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 23(12), 1304-1313

Bouscaren, N., Pilleron, S., Mbelesso, P., Ndamba‐Bandzouzi, B., Dartigues, J. F., Clément, J. P., Group, E. (2018). Prevalence of toxoplasmosis and its association with dementia in older adults in Central Africa: a result from the EPIDEMCA programme. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 23(12), 1304-1313.

Carter, C. (2013). Toxoplasmosis and polygenic disease susceptibility genes: extensive Toxoplasma gondii host/pathogen interactome enrichment in nine psychiatric or neurological disorders. Journal of pathogens, 2013.

Chegeni, T. N., Sarvi, S., Moosazadeh, M., Sharif, M., Aghayan, S. A., Amouei, A., . . . Daryani, A. (2019). Is Toxoplasma gondii a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbial pathogenesis, 137, 103751.

Chegeni, T. N., Sarvi, S., Moosazadeh, M., Sharif, M., Aghayan, S. A., Amouei, A., . . . Daryani, A. (2019). Is Toxoplasma gondii a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbial pathogenesis, 137, 103751.

Flegr, J., & Horacek, J. (2020). Negative effects of latent toxoplasmosis on mental health. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 1012.

James, W. H., &Grech, V. (2018). Can offspring sex ratios help to explain the endocrine effects of toxoplasmosis infection on human behaviour? Early Human Development, 122, 42-44.

Karabulut, N., KARABOĞA, F., & SUBAŞI, B. (2020). The Role of Latent Toxoplasmosis in Alzheimer’s Disease. Eurasian Journal of Medical Investigation, 4(3), 380-383.‏

Karabulut, N., KARABOĞA, F., & SUBAŞI, B. (2020). The Role of Latent Toxoplasmosis in Alzheimer’s Disease. Eurasian Journal of Medical Investigation, 4(3), 380-383.‏

Li, Y., Kannan, G., Pletnikov, M. V., Yolken, R. H., & Xiao, J. (2015). Chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondiidownregulates miR-132 expression in multiple brain regions in a sex-dependent manner. Parasitology, 142(4), 623-632.

Luft, B. J., & Remington, J. S. (1992). Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. Clinical infectious diseases, 15(2), 211-222.‏

Lyu, C., Yang, X., Yang, J., Hou, L., Zhou, Y., Zhao, J., &Shen, B. (2021). Role of amylopectin synthesis in Toxoplasma gondii and its implication in vaccine development against toxoplasmosis. Open Biology, 11(6), 200384.‏

Mohamed, S. S. S., Shafik, S. A., & El-Zayat, O. S. (2022). Formal caregivers’ competence of Alzheimer patients in long-term care institutions. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S6), 2680–2694. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS6.9848

Nayeri, T., Sarvi, S., Sharif, M., &Daryani, A. (2021). Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon, 7(6), e07151.

Perry, C. E., Gale, S. D., Erickson, L., Wilson, E., Nielsen, B., Kauwe, J., & Hedges, D. W. (2016). Seroprevalence and serointensity of latent Toxoplasma gondii in a sample of elderly adults with and without Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 30(2), 123-126.

Rashno, M. M., Fallahi, S., Kheirandish, F., Bagheri, S., Kayedi, M., &Birjandi, M. (2016). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases.

Ratnawati, I. G. A. A., Suandayani, N. K. T., & Sutapa, G. N. (2019). The linearity of x-ray devices radiation output and its relationship with patient thickness. International Journal of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 3(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijpse.v3n3.351

Shojaee, S., Teimouri, A., Keshavarz, H., Azami, S. J., &Nouri, S. (2018). The relation of secondary sex ratio and miscarriage history with Toxoplasma gondii infection. BMC infectious diseases, 18(1), 1-6.

Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(2), vi-ix. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n2.2937

Xiao, J., Li, Y., Prandovszky, E., Karuppagounder, S. S., Talbot Jr, C. C., Dawson, V. L., Yolken, R. H. (2014). MicroRNA-132 dysregulation in Toxoplasma gondii infection has implications for dopamine signaling pathway. Neuroscience, 268, 128-138.

Published

02-09-2022

How to Cite

Al-Shabani, Z. K., & AL-Waaly, A. B. M. (2022). Toxoplasma Gondii a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease infection, in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S8), 2401–2407. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS8.12368

Issue

Section

Peer Review Articles