A case series study on skin manifestations in diabetic patients
Keywords:
skin manifestation, diabetes mellitus, insulin dependencyAbstract
Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the skin manifestation in diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: A case-series study was conducted on 120 diabetes patients having skin manifestation investigated in the Department of Dermatology, PIMS Hospital, Islamabad from 11th March 2021 to 10th March 2022. Study protocol was approved by the institute research and ethical committee. Patients of either gender or age with diabetes mellitus and having at least one skin manifestation were enrolled. Each individual underwent dermatological examination and systemic findings were noted. Blood samples from each individual were taken for measuring the blood glucose level. Skin manifestation images and relevant investigations such as histopathological and microbiological were conducted. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 120 DM patients, there were 86 (71.7%) type 2 DM or non-insulin dependent and 34 (28.3%) were type I DM or insulin dependent. Out of 120 DM patients, there were 22 (18.3%) male and 98 (81.7%) females. The overall mean age was 48.62± 16.48 years with an age range 16 to 70 years. The mean duration of the disease was 9.84± 8.42 years varied from 5 months to 25 years.
Downloads
References
Alpert JS. An smazing dtory: the discovery of insulin. Am J Med. 2016;129:231–2.
Bernstein RS, Meurer LN, Plumb EJ, Jackson JL: Diabetes and hypertension prevalence in homeless adults in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 2015, 105:e46-60. 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302330.
Blonde L: Epidemiology, costs, consequences, and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: an American epidemic. Ochsner J. 2001, 3:126-31.
Boavida JM, Pereira M, Ayala M. A mortalidade por diabetes em Portugal. Acta Med Port. 2013;26:315–7. 3. González-Saldivar G. Skin manifestations of insulin resistance: from a biochemical stance to a clinical diagnosis and management. Dermatol Ther. 2017;7:37–51.
Bonura C, Frontino G, Rigamonti A, et al.: Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: a pediatric case report. Dermatoendocrinol. 2014, 6:e27790. 10.4161/derm.27790
Boyle JP, Thompson TJ, Gregg EW, Barker LE, Williamson DF. Projection of the year 2050 burden of diabetes in the US adult population: dynamic modeling of incidence, mortality, and prediabetes prevalence. Popul Health Metr. 2010;8:29.
Bruno G, Landi A: Epidemiology and costs of diabetes. Transplant Proc. 2011, 43:327-9. 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.098.
Bullard KM, Cowie CC, Lessem SE, et al.: Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in adults by diabetes type - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018, 67:359-61. 10.15585/mmwr.mm6712a2
Bustan RS, Wasim D, Yderstraede KB, Bygum A. Specific skin signs as a cutaneous marker of diabetes mellitus and the prediabetic state — a systematic review. Dan Med J. 2017;64:A5316.
Campbell RB, Larsen M, DiGiandomenico A, et al.: The challenges of managing diabetes while homeless: a qualitative study using photovoice methodology. CMAJ. 2021, 193:E1034-41. 10.1503/cmaj.202537
Casqueiro J, Casqueiro J, Alves C: Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: a review of pathogenesis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012, 16:S27-36. 10.4103/2230-8210.94253
Constance J, Lusher JM: Diabetes management interventions for homeless adults: a systematic review. Int J Public Health. 2020, 65:1773-83. 10.1007/s00038-020-01513-0
Ettaro L, Songer TJ, Zhang P, Engelgau MM: Cost-of-illness studies in diabetes mellitus. Pharmacoeconomics. 2004, 22:149-64. 10.2165/00019053-200422030-00002
González-Saldivar G. Skin manifestations of insulin resistance: from a biochemical stance to a clinical diagnosis and management. Dermatol Ther. 2017;7:37–51..
Goyal A, Raina S, Kaushal SS, Mahajan V, Sharma NL: Pattern of cutaneous manifestations in diabetes mellitus. Indian J Dermatol. 2010, 55:39-41. 10.4103/0019-5154.60349
Huntley AC. The cutaneous manifestations diabetes mellitus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982;7:427–55.6. Bliss M. The discovery of insulin: the inside story. Publ Am Inst Hist Pharm. 1997;16:93–9.
McCash S, Emanuel PO: Defining diabetic dermopathy. J Dermatol. 2011, 38:988-92. 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01251.x
Mockenhaupt M: Severe drug-induced skin reactions: clinical pattern, diagnostics and therapy. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2009, 7:142-60. 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06878.x
Ragunatha S, Anitha B, Inamadar AC, Palit A, Devarmani SS: Cutaneous disorders in 500 diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic. Indian J Dermatol. 2011, 56:160-4. 10.4103/0019-5154.80409.
Romano G, Moretti G, Di Benedetto A, et al.: Skin lesions in diabetes mellitus: prevalence and clinical correlations. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1998, 39:101-7. 10.1016/s0168-8227(97)00119-8
Rzany B, Mockenhaupt M, Baur S, et al.: Epidemiology of erythema exsudativum multiforme majus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Germany (1990-1992): structure and results of a population-based registry. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996, 49:769-73. 10.1016/0895-4356(96)00035-2
Salman Bustan, R., Wasim, D., Yderstræde, K. B., & Bygum, A. (2017). Specific skin signs as a cutaneous marker of diabetes mellitus and the prediabetic state: a systematic review. Danish Medical Journal, 64(1), [A5316].
Sanches MM, Roda Â, Pimenta R, Filipe PL, Freitas JP. Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. Acta medica portuguesa. 2019 Jun 28;32(6):459-65.
Shrestha SS, Honeycutt AA, Yang W, et al.: Economic costs attributable to diabetes in each U.S. state. Diabetes Care. 2018, 41:2526-34. 10.2337/dc18-1179
Tabor CA, Parlette EC: Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes. Signs of poor glycemic control or new-onset disease. Postgrad Med. 2006, 119:38-44. 10.1080/00325481.2006.11446049
Tseng HW, Ger LP, Liang CK, Liou HH, Lam HC. High prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in the elderly with diabetes mellitus: an institution-based cross-sectional study in Taiwan. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29:1631–5..
Tseng CW, Masuda C, Chen R, Hartung DM: Impact of higher insulin prices on out-of-pocket costs in Medicare Part D. Diabetes Care. 2020, 43:e50-1. 10.2337/dc19-1294
Vathsala S, Murthy SC, Shashibhushan J. Cutaneous manifestations in diabetes mellitus: a study among 500 patients in a tertiary care center in South India. IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2019;5(2):141-5.
Walecka I, Owczarek W, Ciechanowicz P, Dopytalska K, Furmanek M, Szczerba M, Walecki J. Skin manifestations of neuroendocrine neoplasms: review of the literature. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2022 Aug;39(4):656-661. doi: 10.5114/ada.2021.112073. Epub 2022 Jan 18. PMID: 36090712; PMCID: PMC9454360.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
