Laboratory procedures and reference ranges for COVID-19 for diverse patient populations: Review

Mohammed Mishal Hamoud Alnihier; Ahmed Turki Alotaibi; Awad Shehab B Alanzi

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v4nS1.14929

Authors

Mohammed Mishal Hamoud Alnihier KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Ahmed Turki Alotaibi KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Awad Shehab B Alanzi KSA, National Guard Health Affairs

Keywords:

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, In Vitro Diagnostic Testing, RT-qPCR, Serology Immunoassays

Abstract

Background: Reliable and precise laboratory testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial in managing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It assists in making informed clinical decisions for infection control in healthcare settings and identifying asymptomatic individuals. This facilitates appropriate interventions, timely quarantines, and helps slow the spread of the epidemic. Laboratory tests can detect the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 in samples and identify specific anti-viral antibodies in blood or serum. Point-of-care diagnostics (POCD) advancements have expedited clinical decision-making and strategic planning for nationwide preventive actions. Aim of Work: This review aims to provide a concise overview and comparison of existing Point-of-Care Diagnostic (POCD) methods and those currently in development. These methods, including quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), serology immunoassays (SIAs), and protein microarray method (PMM), are designed for diagnosing COVID-19, offering options for both conventional and rapid testing. Methods: The review evaluates the performance and utility of quantitative RT-qPCR, serology immunoassays (SIAs), and protein microarray method (PMM) in diagnosing COVID-19. It compares the sensitivity, specificity, turnaround time, and ease of use of these POCD methods. Additionally, it discusses the potential impact of these methods on clinical decision-making and epidemic control strategies.

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