Emergency of outpatient anaphylactic shock: Review article

Hatim Faihan Alotaibi; Ibrahim Mohammed Alanazi; Adel Mohammad Aldukhain; Rakan Faisal Albasri; Hamoud Ghayyadh Alanizi; Ahmed Hasaan Alshammari; Saif Helal Almutairi

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v1nS1.15156

Authors

Hatim Faihan Alotaibi KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Ibrahim Mohammed Alanazi KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Adel Mohammad Aldukhain KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Rakan Faisal Albasri KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Hamoud Ghayyadh Alanizi KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Ahmed Hasaan Alshammari KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Saif Helal Almutairi KSA, National Guard Health Affairs

Keywords:

anaphylaxis, outpatient emergency, epinephrine, airway management, immunoglobulin E, allergic reaction, shock, emergency preparedness

Abstract

Background: Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction triggered by substances such as food, medications, insect stings, or environmental factors. It presents a range of symptoms, including respiratory, cardiovascular, dermatological, and gastrointestinal manifestations, which can develop rapidly. Misdiagnosis is common, as symptoms overlap with conditions such as septic shock or asthma. The immediate administration of intramuscular epinephrine is critical for treatment, along with airway management, antihistamines, and glucocorticoids. Aim: This review aims to explore the outpatient management of anaphylactic shock, focusing on symptoms, treatment strategies, and emergency preparedness. The review emphasizes the importance of rapid intervention and staff training for successful management. Methods: Methods involve analyzing current literature on anaphylaxis, its clinical presentation, and emergency treatment protocols. Results: Results show that early epinephrine administration is crucial for improving outcomes, with delayed treatment contributing to increased fatality risks. Regular preparedness, such as maintaining an anaphylaxis cart and conducting staff drills, is vital for effective outpatient care. Conclusion: The conclusion underscores the necessity of equipping outpatient settings with proper protocols and emergency supplies to manage anaphylactic emergencies and the need for patient education on recognizing and managing future episodes.

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