COVID-19 severe conditions: EMS, pharmacists, and health informatics strategies and community impact
Review article
Keywords:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Delta variant, Omicron variant, Emergency Medical Services, disease severity, global pandemicAbstract
Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a global pandemic since late 2019, with significant impacts on health systems and communities worldwide. The virus, which affects respiratory and other systems, has seen the emergence of several variants, including Delta and Omicron, each with distinct impacts on transmissibility and disease severity. Aim: This review aims to provide an updated overview of COVID-19's severe conditions, the strategies used by Emergency Medical Services (EMS), pharmacists, and health information for controlling and management, and the overall community impact. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar up to December 31, 2021. Search terms included 'COVID,' 'COVID-19,' 'SARS-CoV-2,' and 'coronavirus,' focusing on retrospective and prospective studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines. The review included 194 pertinent sources, emphasizing emergency medicine-related research. Results: The review highlights the rapid global spread of COVID-19, the emergence and impact of variants like Delta and Omicron, and their association with increased transmissibility and severe disease outcomes. Key findings include the Delta variant’s higher viral loads and association with severe illness, and the Omicron variant’s high transmissibility and potential reduced severity of disease. Hospitalization and mortality rates have evolved with advancements in treatment and vaccination.
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