A web-based cross-sectional survey to assess mental health of medical professionals during COVID-19 outbreak
Keywords:
COVID-19, anxiety, depression, physicians, medical professionals, dental professionalsAbstract
Background: There have been numerous studies about the health implication of COVID-19 on patients, but little attention has been paid to the impacts of the pandemic on physicians. Our paper attends to this gap by exploring the mental health of physicians in Madhya Pradesh, India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This study examined medical professionals' mental health outcomes by evaluating the prevalence and associated potential risk factors of anxiety and depression. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 100 Medical professionals. Seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to measure the anxiety and depression, respectively. Result: 36 % males and 34 % females had anxiety. 26 % males and 29 % females had depression and 38 % males and 37 % females none. Findings revealed that marital status, work per day and current job location were the main risk factors for anxiety while sex, age, and marital status were the main risk factors for depression. Conclusion: Our results highlight the need to implement policies and strategies for positively impacting the mental health of physicians during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization WHO Characterizes COVID-19 as a Pandemic. Geneva: World Health Organization; (2020). Available online at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen (accessed March 11, 2020). [Google Scholar]
Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang YT, Liu Z, Hu S, et al. . Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. (2020) 7:e17–8. 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8.
COVID-19: too little too late? [Editorial] Lancet. (2020) 395:755 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30522-5.
Day M. Covid-19: surge in cases in Italy and South Korea makes pandemic look more likely. BMJ. (2020) 368:m751 10.1136/bmj.m751.
World Health Organization Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak Situation. (2020). Available online at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (accessed July 22, 2020).
Paul R. India Confirms Its First Three Cases of Coronavirus, in Reuters. (2020). Available online at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-India/India-confirms-its-first-three-cases-of-coronavirus-healthofficials-idUSKBN20V0FS (accessed July 24, 2020).
Covid-19 Status India (2020). Available online at: https://www.iedcr.gov.bd/ (accessed July 24, 2020).
World Health Organization Coronavirus. (2020). Available online at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1 (accessed May 13, 2020).
Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou C, He J, et al. . China medical treatment expert group for Covid-19. clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. (2020) 382:1708–20.
Zhou P, Yang X, Wang X, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. . A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. (2020) 579:270–3.
Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, et al. . Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. (2020) 30:269–71.
Zhang W, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao W, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. . Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. (2020) 89:242–50.
Greenberg N, Docherty M, Gnanapragasam S, Wessely S. Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic. BMJ. (2020) 368:m1211. 10.1136/bmj.m1211.
Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian J Psychiatr. (2020) 51:101990. 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990.
Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang L, et al. . Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatr. (2020) 7:e15–6. 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X.
Gong Y, Han T, Chen W, Dib H, Yang G, Zhuang R, et al. . Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and related risk factors among Medical professionals in China: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. (2014) 9:e103242. 10.1371/journal.pone.0103242.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. (2006) 166:1092–7. 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.
Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. . Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. (2020) 3:e203976. 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
Wang Y, Chen R, Zhang L. Reliability and validity of generalized anxiety scale-7 in inpatients in Chinese general hospital. J Clin Psychiatr. (2018) 28:168–71. 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3220.2018.03.007.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. (2001) 16:606–13. 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
Roy T, Lloyd CE, Parvin M, Mohiuddin KG, Rahman M. Prevalence of co-morbid depression in out-patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. BMC Psychiatry. (2012) 12:123. 10.1186/1471-244X-12-123.
Gothwal VK, Bagga DK, Sumalini R. Rasch validation of the PHQ-9 in people with visual impairment in South India. J Affect Disord. (2014) 167:171–7. 10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.019
Chong MY, Wang WC, Hsieh WC, Lee CY, Chiu NM, Yeh WC, et al. . Psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on health workers in a tertiary hospital. Br J Psychiatry. (2004) 185:127–33. 10.1192/bjp.185.2.127
Brooks SK, Dunn R, Amlôt R, Rubin GJ, Greenberg N. A systematic, thematic reviewof social and occupational factors associated with psychological outcomes in healthcare employees during an infectious disease outbreak. J Occup Environ Med. (2018) 60:248–57. 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001235
Preti E, Di Mattei V, Perego G, Ferrari F, Mazzetti M, Taranto P, et al. . The psychological impact of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review of the evidence. Curr Psychiatry Rep. (2020) 22:1–22. 10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z.
Liu X, Kakade M, Fuller CJ, Fan B, Fang Y, Kong J, et al. . Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Compr Psychiatry. (2012) 53:15–23. 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.02.003.
Shapiro A, Keyes CLM. Marital status and social well-being: Are the married always better off? Soc Indic Res. (2008) 88:329–46. 10.1007/s11205-007-9194-3.
Lillard LA, Waite LJ. Til death do us part: marital disruption and mortality. Am J Sociol. (1995) 100:1131–56. 10.1086/230634.
Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. (2020) 288:112954. 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.