Study of association of C-reactive protein and alkaline phosphatase in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, inflammation, alkaline phosphates, strokesAbstract
The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes are rising rapidly worldwide, especially in Asia. Diabetes has been linked to a shorter life expectancy mainly because of its complications, including heart disease, strokes, eye disease, inflammation and bone disease. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in type 2 diabetes patients. Furthermore, we investigated correlation between serum hsCRP and ALP level with glycaemic triad (FBS, PPBS, HbA1c) in case and control group. A cross sectional study consists of 200 patients out of which 100 normal healthy control (Group I), case - 100 patients having type 2 DM (Group II). FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, hsCRP and ALP were measured. Mean serum hsCRP and ALP level were statistically significantly higher in case group compared to control group. Moreover, significant positive correlation was observed between hsCRP and ALP level as well as both with FBS, PPBS and HbA1c. Oxidative stress and inflammation appears to be a key component and also associated with poor glycaemic control and further pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.
Downloads
References
Thakur S, Chauhan V, Negi RC: Role of HbA1C in diabetes mellitus. J Indian Acad Clin Med. 2009; 10(1,2):52-54.
Alvin C: Powers: diabetes mellitus. In Harrison’s Principle of Internal Medicine. 16th edition.Edited by Kasper L, et al. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2005:2152-2179.
Ford ES: The metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and leucocyte count: findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Atherosclerosis. 2003;168:351-8.
Schoppet M, Shanahan CM. Role for alkaline phosphatase as an inducer of vascular calcification in renal failure? Kidney Int. 2008;73(9):989-91.
Moss DW. Release of membrane bound enzymes from cells and the generation of isoforms. Clin Chem Acta. 1994; 226:131-42.
Loe H.The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Care. 1993;16:476-80.
Enlow DH.Physiologic tooth movement and alveolar remolding. In Enlow DH, ed. Facial Growth. Philadelphia; Saunders. 1999;130-48.
Biasi D, Carletto A, Dell Angola C. Neutrophil migration, oxidative metabolism adhesion in elderly and young subjects. Inflammation. 1999;20:673.
Aiinamo J, Lahtinen A, Uitto V. Rapid periodontal destruction in adult human with poorly controlled diabetes.J Clin Periodontal. 1990;17:22-5.
Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Lowe G, Pepys MB, Thompson SG. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375(9709):132-40.
Webber M, Krishnan A, Thomas NG, Cheung BMY. Association between serum alkaline phosphatase and C-reactive protein in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010;48(2):167-73.
Kerner A, Avizohar O, Sella R, Bartha P, Zinder O, Markiewicz W. Association between elevated liver enzymes and C-reactive protein: possible hepatic contribution to systemic inflammation in the metabolicsyndrome. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2005;25(1):193-7.
Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan. 33 Suppl 1:S62-9.
Sarinnapakorn V, Wanicagool W: Association between hs-CRP and Hba1c in overweight type 2 diabetic female patients. J Med Assoc Thai 2013, 96(3):S54–58.
Svensson AM, Miftaraj M, Franzen S, Eliasson B. Clinical effects, cardiovascular and renal outcomes associated with rapid-acting insulin analogs among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a nation-wide observational cohort study. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 3: 5.
Surendar J, Anuradha S, Ashley B, et al. Cystatin C and cystatin glomerular filtration rate as markers of early renal disease in Asian Indian subjects with glucose intolerance (CURES-32). Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2009; 7: 419-25
Dilshad Ahmed K, Shazia Q: Evaluation of cardiac risk by oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in diabetic patients. Pak J Med Sci 2009, 25:5. 21.
Raynor LA, Pankow JS, Duncan BB, et al. Novel risk factors and the prediction of type 2 diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:70–6.
Abbasi A, Bakker SJ, Corpeleijn E, et al. Liver function tests and risk prediction of incident type 2 diabetes: evaluation in two independent cohorts. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e51496.
Brunner EJ, Kivimaki M, Witte DR, et al. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and diabetes--Mendelian randomization using CRP haplotypes points upstream PLoS Med 2008; 5: e155.
Bahceci M, Tuzcu A, Ogun C, Canoruc N, Iltimur K, Aslan C. Is serum C-reactive protein concentration correlated with HbA1c and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men with or without coronary heart disease? J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28: 145-50.
Yuan G, Zhou L, Tang J, et al. Serum CRP levels are equally elevated in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and related to adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006; 72: 244-50.
Vozarova B, Stefan N, Lindsay RS, et al. High alanine aminotransferase is associated with decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity and predicts the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002;51:1889–95.
Sato KK, Hayashi T, Nakamura Y, et al. Liver enzymes compared with alcohol consumption in predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Kansai Healthcare Study. Diabetes Care 2008;31:1230–6.
Pushpa Rani DS, Anandan SN. A clinical study of serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium level in type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis among the south Indian population. SRM J Res Dent Sci 2012;3:175-9.
Tang FT, Chen SR, Wu XQ, Wang TQ, Chen JW, Li J, et al. Hypercholesterolemia accelerates vascular calcification induced by excessive vitamin D via oxidative stress. Calcif Tissue Int. 2006; 79(5):326–39.
Damera S, Raphael KL, Baird BC, Cheung AK, Greene T, Beddhu S. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels associate with elevated serum C-reactive protein in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2011; 79(2):228–33.
Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). Get vaccinated when it is your turn and follow the local guidelines. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(3), x-xv. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n3.2938
Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). Health and treatment of diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(1), i-v. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n1.2864
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
