Sustainable development model of subak in Denpasar City

Putu Udayani Wijayanti; Wayan Windia; Dwi Putra Darmawan; Widhianthini Widhianthini

doi:10.29332/ijls.v4n1.418

Authors

Putu Udayani Wijayanti
putuudayani@unud.ac.id
Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
Wayan Windia Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
Dwi Putra Darmawan Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
Widhianthini Widhianthini Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia

Keywords:

agricultural knowledge, farmer mindset, subak, sustainability model, tri hita karana

Abstract

Subak is a unique irrigation system in Bali that is based on Hinduism and the philosophy of tri hita karana that consists of elements of parhyangan, pawongan, and palemahan, are three balances and harmonies that are still maintained for sustainability. This study aims to identify changes in four dimensions of subak, which may threaten its sustainability in the city of Denpasar; identify the most sensitive dimension that influences the sustainability of subak in Denpasar; as well as formulate a development model of subak that will ensure its sustainability in Denpasar. Based on MDS analysis on the changes of different dimensions of subak that threaten its sustainability in Denpasar, it is known that the “dimension of mindset” is the most sensitive in processes of sustainability of subak. Sensitivity in this context relates to the awareness of the importance of farmer's mindset as a variable to ensure the sustainability of subak, considering the mindset of farmers will determine the success of sustainability processes on existing land management. Following that result, ISM analysis was done to formulate a development model for the sustainability of subak.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abebe, G. K., Bijman, J., Pascucci, S., & Omta, O. (2013). Adoption of improved potato varieties in Ethiopia: The role of agricultural knowledge and innovation system and smallholder farmers’ quality assessment. Agricultural Systems, 122, 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2013.07.008

Andersson, J. A., & D'Souza, S. (2014). From adoption claims to understanding farmers and contexts: A literature review of Conservation Agriculture (CA) adoption among smallholder farmers in southern Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 187, 116-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.08.008

Arnawa, I. K. (2011). Kajian tentang Pelestarian Subak Ditinjau dari Aktivitasnya yang Berlandaskan Konsep Tri Hita Karana. Jurnal Agrimeta, 1(01).

Arta, I. K. G., Suda, I. K., & Dharmika, I. B. (2020). Cultural shifting on agricultural Subak Abian in Jembrana Regency. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 6(2), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v6n2.870

Aryawan, I. P. S., Windia, W., & Wijayanti, P. U. (2013). Peranan Subak dalam Aktivitas Pertanian Padi Sawah (Kasus di Subak Dalem, Kecamatan Kerambitan, Kabupaten Tabanan). Jurnal Agribisnis dan Agrowisata (Journal of Agribusiness and Agritourism).

Blum, A. (1991). What can be learned from a comparison of two agricultural knowledge systems? The case of The Netherlands and Israel. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 33(4), 325-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(91)90055-3

BPS Provinsi Bali. 2019. Bali dalam Angka 2018.

Conforti, P., & Giampietro, M. (1997). Fossil energy use in agriculture: an international comparison. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 65(3), 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00048-0

Hutasoit, H., & Wau, R. (2017). Menuju Sustainability dengan Tri Hita Karana (Sebuah Studi Interpretif Pada Masyarakat Bali). Business Management Journal, 13(2).

Jackson, W. (2002). Natural systems agriculture: a truly radical alternative. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 88(2), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00247-X

Norken, I. N., Suputra, I. K., Arsana, I. G. N. K., & Ngurah, I. G. (2017). Institutional and Regulatory Roles in Maintaining Sustainability of Subak as a World Cultural Heritage in Bali. Asian Agri-History, 21(4), 245-254.

Parwati, N. N., & Trianasari, T. (2016). Educational Tourism Based on Tri Hita Karana in Mengesta in Bali. Binus Business Review, 7(3), 307-314. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v7i3.1815

Roth, D. (2014). Environmental sustainability and legal plurality in irrigation: the Balinese subak. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 11, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2014.09.011

Sumiyati, Windia, I. W., & Tika, I. W. (2017). Operasional dan pemeliharaan jaringan irigasi subak di Kabupaten Tabanan. Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), 7(1), 121-138. https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2017.v07.i01.p08

Sutawan, N. S. Pusposutardjo, W Windia, I G Suyatna, W. Sudarta, W. Arga, W. Widyantara, K Suamba, G. Sedana, I M. Sarjana, N.W. Sri Astiti, IGA Oka. Suryawardani, I G. Pitana, I GAA Ambarawati. (2005). Revitalisasi Subak dalam Memasuki Era Globalisasi. Editor I Gede Pitana dan I Gede Setiawan AP. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.

van Elsen, T. (2000). Species diversity as a task for organic agriculture in Europe. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 77(1-2), 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00096-1

Walder, P., & Kantelhardt, J. (2018). The environmental behaviour of farmers–capturing the diversity of perspectives with a Q methodological approach. Ecological Economics, 143, 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.018

Windia, W. (2008). Menuju Sistem Irigasi Subak yang Berkelanjutan di Bali. Orasi Ilmiah. Disampaikan dalam pidato pengukuhan jabatan guru besar dalam bidang ilmu sosial ekonomi pertanian pada Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Udayana tanggal, 29.

Yunlong, C., & Smit, B. (1994). Sustainability in agriculture: a general review. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 49(3), 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(94)90059-0

Zheng, Y. L., He, Q. Y., Ping, Q. I. A. N., & Ze, L. I. (2012). Construction of the ontology-based agricultural knowledge management system. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 11(5), 700-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(12)60059-8