Protection and profile of immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among the COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals
Keywords:
COVID-19, ELISpot, IFN-γ, SARS-CoV-2, VaccinationAbstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, antibody-mediated immunity and T cells are the most effective protection. This study aimed to analyze IFN-γ profile in people who were vaccinated and unvaccinated against COVID-19. This research was conducted at the Molecular Laboratory of the Professor Nidom Foundation (LM-PNF), Surabaya, Indonesia from February 2021 to March 2022 using 100 blood samples with details of 50 samples from people who had been vaccinated against COVID-19 and 50 samples from people who had unvaccinated against COVID-19. We divided into four: vaccination only, vaccination and had infected of COVID-19 or survivors, unvaccination only, and unvaccination but survivors. Furthermore, we used the ELISpot method to see the IFN-γ profile. The data analysed by using ANOVA. The results of this study showed that IFN-γ profile vary widely with the highest IFN-γ obtained in samples of people who are vaccinated and had infected of COVID-19 compared to other groups. In summary, we conclude that the cellular immune response (IFN-γ) profile in people who vaccinated and had infected of COVID-19 was better than unvaccinated.
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