Immunological parameters in hyperglycemic COVID19 patients of wasit-Iraq
Keywords:
Hyperglycemia, COVID-19, Immunological CharacteristicsAbstract
Background: A number of studies have also reported that preexisting diabetes as well as newly diagnosed diabetes with a first glucose measurement on hospital admission are both associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. This study aimed to investigate the immunological characteristics of patients with severe COVID-19 with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This study was carried out in a period between November 2021 and March 2022 in Iraq. A total of samples were subjected to laboratory examinations including Human Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) ELISA Kit, Tumor necrosis factor α using specific kit ELISA Kit, Human Islet cell antibody (ICA)ELISA Kit and Human C-Peptide ELISA Kit using specific ELISA Kit. Results: Regarding mean difference of variables among diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients all the investigated parameters has been showed significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with a P-value less than 0.001 except for CRP, correlation between age and COVID-19 patients immunological parameters showed that there was no significant correlation between age and the studied variables, mean differences of COVID-19 patients between males and females did not revealed a significant differences,,,,
Downloads
References
Ackermann M, Verleden SE, Kuehnel M, Haverich A, Welte T, Laenger F, et al. Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;383(2):120-8.
Apicella M, Campopiano MC, Mantuano M, Mazoni L, Coppelli A, Del Prato S. COVID-19 in people with diabetes: understanding the reasons for worse outcomes. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology. 2020;8(9):782-92.
Attalla S, Seykora AJ, Cole J, Heins BJ. Genetic parameters of milk ELISA scores for Johne's disease. Journal of dairy science. 2010;93(4):1729-35.
Aydin S. A short history, principles, and types of ELISA, and our laboratory experience with peptide/protein analyses using ELISA. Peptides. 2015;72:4-15.
Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, Tian F, Jin D-Y, Chen L, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. Jama. 2020;323(14):1406-7.
Bode B, Garrett V, Messler J, McFarland R, Crowe J, Booth R, et al. Glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the United States. Journal of diabetes science and technology. 2020;14(4):813-21.
Coronavirus L. 5,232 Cases And 113 Deaths-Worldometer, Worldometers Info. September; 2020.
Diaz-Valencia PA, Bougnères P, Valleron A-J. Global epidemiology of type 1 diabetes in young adults and adults: a systematic review. BMC public health. 2015;15(1):1-15.
Du Y, Tu L, Zhu P, Mu M, Wang R, Yang P, et al. Clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan. A retrospective observational study. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2020;201(11):1372-9.
Farag AA, Hassanin HM, Soliman HH, Sallam A, Sediq AM, Elbanna K. Newly diagnosed diabetes in patients with COVID-19: different types and short-term outcomes. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2021;6(3):142.
Francois ME, Little JP. Effectiveness and safety of high-intensity interval training in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes spectrum: a publication of the American Diabetes Association. 2015;28(1):39.
Fueyo-Díaz R, Magallón-Botaya R, Masluk B, Palacios-Navarro G, Asensio-Martínez A, Gascón-Santos S, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in primary care: the need for its own code. BMC Health Services Research. 2019;19(1):1-9.
Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. cell. 2020;181(2):271-80. e8.
Jivanji CJ, Asrani VM, Windsor JA, Petrov MS, editors. New-onset diabetes after acute and critical illness: a systematic review. Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 2017: Elsevier.
Kamrath C, Mönkemöller K, Biester T, Rohrer TR, Warncke K, Hammersen J, et al. Ketoacidosis in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Jama. 2020;324(8):801-4.
Karki R, Sharma BR, Tuladhar S, Williams EP, Zalduondo L, Samir P, et al. Synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ triggers inflammatory cell death, tissue damage, and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine shock syndromes. Cell. 2021;184(1):149-68. e17.
Knigavko, O., Baranova, N., Bausov, I., Dolzhenko, M., & Lantukhova, N. (2022). Organizing treatment in emergency health care facilities during COVID-19 pandemic conditions in Eastern European countries. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(1), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.3582
Li H, Tian S, Chen T, Cui Z, Shi N, Zhong X, et al. Newly diagnosed diabetes is associated with a higher risk of mortality than known diabetes in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. 2020;22(10):1897-906.
Li J, Lin S, Deng C, Xu T. Predictive Value of GAD Antibody for Diabetes in Normal Chinese Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2021;14:885.
Li X, Xu S, Yu M, Wang K, Tao Y, Zhou Y, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2020;146(1):110-8.
Liu Y, Lu R, Wang J, Cheng Q, Zhang R, Zhang S, et al. Diabetes, even newly defined by HbA1c testing, is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death in adults with COVID-19. BMC Endocrine Disorders. 2021;21(1):1-10.
Liu Y, Mao B, Liang S, Yang J-W, Lu H-W, Chai Y-H, et al. Association between age and clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19. European Respiratory Journal. 2020;55(5).
Maddaloni E, Buzzetti R. Covid‐19 and diabetes mellitus: unveiling the interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. 2020;36(7):e33213321.
McGlacken‐Byrne SM, Drew SE, Turner K, Peters C, Amin R. The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is associated with increased severity of presentation of childhood onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A multi‐centre study of the first COVID‐19 wave. Diabetic Medicine. 2021;38(9):e14640.
Merta, I. N., & Suderana, I. W. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic handling community social and cultural sector stimulus efforts. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v4n3.434
Nguyen NN, Ho DS, Nguyen HS, Ho DKN, Li H-Y, Lin C-Y, et al. Preadmission use of antidiabetic medications and mortality among patients with COVID-19 having type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2022;131:155196.
Perlman S. Another decade, another coronavirus. Mass Medical Soc; 2020. p. 760-2.
Prete M, Favoino E, Catacchio G, Racanelli V, Perosa F. SARS-CoV-2 inflammatory syndrome. Clinical features and rationale for immunological treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020;21(9):3377.
Reddy PK, Kuchay MS, Mehta Y, Mishra SK. Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19: a report of two cases and review of literature. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020;14(5):1459-62.
Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive care medicine. 2020;46(5):846-8.
Russell CD, Millar JE, Baillie JK. Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury. The lancet. 2020;395(10223):473-5.
Sadiq A, Khurram M, Malik J, Chaudhary NA, Khan MM, Yasmeen T, et al. Correlation of biochemical profile at admission with severity and outcome of COVID-19. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 2021;11(6):740-6.
Singh AK, Gillies CL, Singh R, Singh A, Chudasama Y, Coles B, et al. Prevalence of co‐morbidities and their association with mortality in patients with COVID‐19: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2020;22(10):1915-24.
Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Sciences, 5(2), vi-ix. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n2.2937
Tittel SR, Rosenbauer J, Kamrath C, Ziegler J, Reschke F, Hammersen J, et al. Did the COVID-19 lockdown affect the incidence of pediatric type 1 diabetes in Germany? Diabetes care. 2020;43(11):e172-e3.
Unsworth R, Wallace S, Oliver NS, Yeung S, Kshirsagar A, Naidu H, et al. New-onset type 1 diabetes in children during COVID-19: multicenter regional findings in the UK. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(11):e170-e1.
Utrero-Rico A, Ruiz-Ruigómez M, Laguna-Goya R, Arrieta-Ortubay E, Chivite-Lacaba M, González-Cuadrado C, et al. A short corticosteroid course reduces symptoms and immunological alterations underlying long-COVID. Biomedicines. 2021;9(11):1540.
Van Elslande J, Houben E, Depypere M, Brackenier A, Desmet S, André E, et al. Diagnostic performance of seven rapid IgG/IgM antibody tests and the Euroimmun IgA/IgG ELISA in COVID-19 patients. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2020;26(8):1082-7.
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Liu H, Wu Y, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(5):475-81.
Zhou F. Y u T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.








