PD-1 receptor blocker: Is it revolution in cancer therapy?

Muhammad Faraz Shamshad; Sehrish Khan; Disha Mitra; Samiksha Gupta; Shaikh Rajesh Ali; Nadeem Siddiqui; Supriyo Mukherjee

doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6nS8.12824

Authors

Muhammad Faraz Shamshad
Dr.farazshamshad@gmail.com
Department of Internal Medicine , Karachi medical and dental college
Sehrish Khan Department of Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College
Disha Mitra Department Of Biophysics And Molecular Biology, University Of Calcutta
Samiksha Gupta Bachelor Of Engineering, Department Of Chemical Engineering,Birla Institute Of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
Shaikh Rajesh Ali Assistant professor P.G. Department of Microbiology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore
Nadeem Siddiqui Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh
Supriyo Mukherjee Department of microbiology,university of kalyani

Keywords:

programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), immune checkpoint inhibitors, dostarlimab, anti-cancer drug, monoclonal antibody

Abstract

PD-1 or the programmed cell death protein 1 plays a major role in eliciting the immune checkpoint response of T cells. They are the inhibitory receptors induced in activated T cells. The application of these receptors earns a great interest to investigate, in-depth, their mechanism of action and therapeutic success. The US FDA has successfully approved three categories of immune checkpoint inhibitors. These are PD-1 inhibitors (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and Cemiplimab), PDL-1 inhibitors (Atezolimumab, Durvalumab and, Avelumab), and CTLA-4 inhibitor (Ipilimumab). But still there lie several limitations in using this mode of treatment. Unlikely, not all patients respond well to these drugs. Apart from these, anti PD-1 monoclonal antibody showed its miraculous activity in treating cancer. It showed a hundred percent cure in patients with colorectal cancer without any kind of major side effects following the treatment procedure. Anti PD-1 monoclonal antibody (Dostarlimab) has shown promising results in endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, head and neck cancer, and breast cancer therapy. The current review focuses on the literature regarding the mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors, their role in cancer treatment.

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