Gestational diabetes: Current trends in treatment and long-term complications
Keywords:
gestational diabetes, screening, management, long-term complications, type 2 diabetes, obesityAbstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by carbohydrate intolerance first recognized during pregnancy. Its prevalence varies globally, influenced by diagnostic criteria and demographic factors, with recent estimates indicating that one in seven live births worldwide is affected. Rising obesity rates, sedentary lifestyles, and advancing maternal age contribute to this trend. Aim: This article reviews current trends in GDM treatment and examines long-term complications for both mothers and offspring. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, encompassing guidelines from major health organizations and recent cohort studies on GDM screening, diagnosis, management, and outcomes. Results: The review identified variations in screening practices across guidelines, with consensus recommending universal screening during the second trimester, though early screening in high-risk populations is increasingly advocated. GDM management strategies include dietary interventions, physical activity, and insulin therapy as needed. Long-term studies indicate that women with a history of GDM face increased risks of developing type 2 diabetes, while offspring are at higher risk for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Given the rising incidence of GDM and its potential long-term complications, tailored screening and management strategies are essential. Ongoing research into the pathophysiology and effective interventions will enhance outcomes for affected individuals.
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