Ventilators types and importance for COVID-19 patients: An updated review article for pharmacists
Keywords:
COVID-19, ventilators, respiratory failure, ARDS, pharmacists, Emergency Use Authorization, mechanical ventilationAbstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the vital role of ventilators in managing severe respiratory failure in patients, particularly those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As the virus primarily targets the respiratory system, mechanical ventilators have become indispensable in treating critically ill patients. However, the unprecedented demand for ventilators has highlighted shortages in essential equipment, especially in resource-constrained settings. Aim: This review aims to provide pharmacists with an updated understanding of the role of ventilators in managing COVID-19 patients, focusing on innovations in ventilator design and use. Methods: A literature review was conducted to assess the types of ventilators used during the COVID-19 pandemic, their mechanisms, and the development of low-cost ventilator solutions. The study also evaluated Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) guidelines issued by the FDA for ventilators during the pandemic. Results: The review identified that mechanical ventilators, particularly invasive ones, played a critical role in the survival of patients with ARDS. Innovations, such as the O2U ventilator, addressed shortages by offering a cost-effective, easy-to-use design. Bench-top and animal testing demonstrated its effectiveness in delivering accurate, time-cycled ventilation. Conclusion: The review highlights the importance of accessible ventilators in managing respiratory failure during pandemics.
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