Association between nursing workload and missed nursing care among nurses working in medical and surgical wards of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Kohat
Keywords:
nursing workload, missed nursing care, nurses, patient safety, quality of careAbstract
Background: High nurse workloads are one of the main causes of missing nursing care, which can have a negative impact on clinical results, patient safety, and care quality. There is very little information on this connection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Objective: To ascertain whether nursing workload and missing nursing care are related among nurses employed in DHQ Teaching Hospital. Methodology: From May to July 2026, a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was carried out among registered nurses employed by a DHQ Teaching Hospital, Kohat. The study involved 97 nurses. Results: Missed nursing care actions were occasionally overlooked, as indicated by mean score of 3.60 ± 0.78. A moderate level of perceived workload among nurses was indicated by the overall mean workload score of 1.91 ± 0.42. Higher workload was linked to more missed nursing care, according to regression analysis, which showed a statistically significant positive correlation between workload and missed nursing care (R2 = 0.112, F = 11.925, β = 0.334, B = 0.618, P = 0.001). Conclusion: In addition to improve the quality and safety of patient care, strategies targeted at minimizing excessive workload through sufficient staffing, efficient workload distribution, and supportive management may assist in reducing missing nursing care.
Downloads
References
Abuatiq, A., & Borchardt, C. (2021). The impact of COVID-19: Nurses' occupational stress and strategies to manage it. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 51(12), 600-605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0000000000001081
Aiken, L. H., Cimiotti, J. P., Sloane, D. M., Smith, H. L., Flynn, L., & Neff, D. F. (2011). Effects of nurse staffing and nurse education on patient deaths in hospitals with different nurse work environments. Medical care, 49(12), 1047-1053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182330b6e
Aiken, L. H., Clarke, S. P., Sloane, D. M., Sochalski, J., & Silber, J. H. (2002). Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction. Jama, 288(16), 1987-1993. Aiken, L. H., Sermeus, W., Van den Heede, K., Sloane, D. M., Busse, R., McKee, M., ... & Kutney Lee, A. (2012). Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: cross-sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States. BMJ, 344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.16.1987
Al‐Faouri, I., Obaidat, D. M., & AbuAlRub, R. F. (2021, April). Missed nursing care, staffing levels, job satisfaction, and intent to leave among Jordanian nurses. In Nursing Forum (Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 273-283). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12537
Alghamdi, M. G. (2016). Nursing workload: a concept analysis. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(4), 449-457. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12354
Amoldeep, B., Khurana, D., Pooja, R., & Saloni, J. S. (2019). Practices followed by nurses for prevention of Pressure Ulcer among patients admitted in tertiary rural care hospital. Amarjeet Kaur Sandhu, 11(3), 0.
Amoldeep, B., Khurana, D., Pooja, R., & Saloni, J. S. (2019). Practices followed by nurses for the prevention of pressure ulcers among patients admitted to a tertiary rural care hospital. Amarjeet Kaur Sandhu, 11(3), 0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-9357.2019.00054.0
Arad, M., Goli, R., Ebrahimzade, M., Lorzini, M., Abdali, M., & Sepehrnia, N. (2022). Ending surgical site infection by negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT): A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 94, 107080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107080
Ardestani-Rostami, R., Ghasembaglu, A., & Bahadori, M. (2019). Evaluation of workload and performance of nurses in ICUs of teaching hospitals of Tehran. Scientific Journal of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty, 4(3), 63-71.
Ausserhofer, D., Schubert, M., Desmedt, M., Blegen, M. A., De Geest, S., & Schwendimann, R. (2013). The association of patient safety climate and nurse-related organizational factors with selected patient outcomes: a cross-sectional survey. International journal of nursing studies, 50(2), 240-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.04.007
Ausserhofer, D., Zander, B., Busse, R., Schubert, M., De Geest, S., Rafferty, A. M., ... & RN4Cast Consortium. (2014). Prevalence, patterns and predictors of nursing care left undone in European hospitals: results from the multicountry cross-sectional RN4CAST study. BMJ quality & safety, 23(2), 126-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002318
Babaii, A., Rooholamin, M., Khoramirad, A., Mohammadbeigi, A., & Abbasinia, M. (2025). The association of nursing workload and patient safety competency of nurses with missed nursing care in the emergency department: A cross-sectional analytical study. Heliyon, 11(16). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e44077
Bagnasco, A., Alvaro, R., Lancia, L., Manara, D. F., Rasero, L., Rocco, G., ... & Mazzoleni, B. (2024). Working conditions, missed care and patient experience in home care nursing in Italy: An observational study. Public Health Nursing, 41(4), 709-722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.13320
Baker, D., Quinn, B., Ewan, V., & Giuliano, K. K. (2019). Sustaining quality improvement: long-term reduction of nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 34(3), 223 229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000359
Ball, J. E., Murrells, T., Rafferty, A. M., Morrow, E., & Griffiths, P. (2014). ‘Care left undone’during nursing shifts: associations with workload and perceived quality of care. BMJ quality & safety, 23(2), 116-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001767
Blegen, M. A., Vaughn, T. E., & Goode, C. J. (2001). Nurse experience and education: effect on quality of care. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(1), 33-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200101000-00007
Bragadóttir, H., Kalisch, B. J., & Tryggvadóttir, G. B. (2017). Correlates and predictors of missed nursing care in hospitals. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(11-12), 1524-1534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13449
Caillet, A., Dauvergne, J. E., Poiroux, L., Blanchard, P. Y., & Bruyneel, A. (2025). Analysis of the Prevalence of Missed Nursing Care Using Three Workload Assessment Methods: A Nationwide Cross‐Sectional Study Among Intensive Care Nurses. Nursing in Critical Care, 30(3), e70055. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.70055
Campagna, S., Conti, A., Clari, M., Basso, I., Sciannameo, V., Di Giulio, P., & Dimonte, V. (2021). Factors associated with missed nursing care in nursing homes: A multicentre cross-sectional study. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 11(8), 1334.
Campagna, S., Conti, A., Clari, M., Basso, I., Sciannameo, V., Di Giulio, P., & Dimonte, V. (2021). Factors associated with missed nursing care in nursing homes: A multicentre cross-sectional study. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 11(8), 1334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.23
Carayon, P., & Alvarado, C. J. (2007). Workload and patient safety among critical care nurses. Critical care nursing clinics of North America, 19(2), 121-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2007.02.001
Carayon, P., & Gurses, A. P. (2008). Nursing workload and patient safety—a human factors engineering perspective. Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses.
Chaboyer, W., Harbeck, E., Lee, B. O., & Grealish, L. (2021). Missed nursing care: An overview of reviews. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences, 37(2), 82-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/kjm2.12308
Chang, H. E., & Manojlovich, M. (2023). Clinical nurses' patient safety competency, systems thinking and missed nursing care: A cross‐sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 29(2), e13130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.13130
Chegini, Z., Jafari‐Koshki, T., Kheiri, M., Behforoz, A., Aliyari, S., Mitra, U., & Islam, S. M. S. (2020). Missed nursing care and related factors in Iranian hospitals: A cross‐sectional survey. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(8), 2205-2215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13055
Chiappinotto, S., Papastavrou, E., Efstathiou, G., Andreou, P., Stemmer, R., Ströhm, C., ... & Palese, A. (2022). Antecedents of unfinished nursing care: a systematic review of the literature. BMC nursing, 21(1), 137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00890-6
Cho, E., Lee, N. J., Kim, E. Y., Kim, S., Lee, K., Park, K. O., & Sung, Y. H. (2016). Nurse staffing level and overtime associated with patient safety, quality of care, and care left undone in hospitals: a cross-sectional study. International journal of nursing studies, 60, 263-271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.05.009
Cimen, A., & Aslan, M. (2021). Missed Nursing Care in Pub¬ lic Hospitals. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 14(3), 1890-1899.
Cremasco, M. F., Wenzel, F., Zanei, S. S., & Whitaker, I. Y. (2013). Pressure ulcers in the intensive care unit: the relationship between nursing workload, illness severity and pressure ulcer risk. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(15-16), 2183-2191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04216.x
Dante, A., Marcotullio, A., Checchi, A., Caponnetto, V., Masotta, V., Paoli, I., ... & Lancia, L. (2025). Behind closed doors: Freelance nurses and the reality of unmet care needs in Italian home care setting. Insight from a phenomenological descriptive study. Ann Ig, 37(4), 425-434.
Donabedian, A. (2005). Evaluating the quality of medical care. The Milbank Quarterly, 83(4), 691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00397.x
Du, H., Yang, Y., Wang, X., & Zang, Y. (2020). A cross‐sectional observational study of missed nursing care in hospitals in China. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(7), 1578-1588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13112
Feo, R., Frensham, L. J., Conroy, T., & Kitson, A. (2019). “It’s just common sense”: Preconceptions and myths regarding fundamental care. Nurse Education in Practice, 36, 82-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2019.03.006
Fishbein, D., Nambiar, S., McKenzie, K., Mayorga, M., Miller, K., Tran, K., ... & Capan, M. (2020). Objective measures of workload in healthcare: a narrative review. International journal of health care quality assurance, 33(1), 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-12-2018-0288
Fuseini, A. K. J., Teixeira da Costa, E. I. M., Matos, F. A. S. D., Merino-Godoy, M. D. L. A., & Nave, F. (2023, October). Patient-safety culture among emergency and critical care nurses in a maternal and child department. In Healthcare (Vol. 11, No. 20, p. 2770). MDPI. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11202770
Glarcher, M., & Vaismoradi, M. (2025). A systematic integrative review of specialized nurses' role to establish a culture of patient safety: A modelling perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 81(9), 5248-5263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16105
Gong, F., Mei, Y., Wu, M., & Tang, C. (2025). Global reasons for missed nursing care: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. International Nursing Review, 72(1), e13096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.13096
Griffiths, P., Recio‐Saucedo, A., Dall'Ora, C., Briggs, J., Maruotti, A., Meredith, P., ... & Missed Care Study Group. (2018). The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(7), 1474-1487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13564
Griffiths, P., Saville, C., Ball, J. E., Jones, J., Monks, T., & Safer Nursing Care Tool study team. (2021). Beyond ratios-flexible and resilient nurse staffing options to deliver cost-effective hospital care and address staff shortages: A simulation and economic modelling study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 117, 103901. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103901
Griffiths, P., Saville, C., Ball, J., Jones, J., Pattison, N., Monks, T., & Safer Nursing Care Study Group. (2020). Nursing workload, nurse staffing methodologies and tools: A systematic scoping review and discussion. International journal of nursing studies, 103, 103487.
Griffiths, P., Saville, C., Ball, J., Jones, J., Pattison, N., Monks, T., & Safer Nursing Care Study Group. (2020). Nursing workload, nurse staffing methodologies and tools: A systematic scoping review and discussion. International journal of nursing studies, 103, 103487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103487
Haile, K. E., Amsalu, A. A., Kassie, G. A., Asgedom, Y. S., Chema, T. Z., Gebrekidan, A. Y., & Azeze, G. A. (2025). Missed nursing care and associated factors among Ethiopian nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC nursing, 24(1), 1043. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03697-3
Hammad, M., Guirguis, W., & Mosallam, R. (2021). Missed nursing care, non-nursing tasks, staffing adequacy, and job satisfaction among nurses in a teaching hospital in Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian public health association, 96(1), 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00083-0
Hart, S. G., & Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In Advances in psychology (Vol. 52, pp. 139-183). North Holland. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9
Hendy, A., Abdel Fattah, H. A., Abouelela, M. A., Atia, G. A. E., Alshammari, M. S. S., Hables, R. M. M., ... & Almarwani, A. M. (2024). Nursing Professional Commitment as a mediator of the Relationship between Work Environment and missed nursing Care among nurses: a cross-sectional analysis. SAGE Open Nursing, 10, 23779608231226063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608231226063
Hessels, A. J., Paliwal, M., Weaver, S. H., Siddiqui, D., & Wurmser, T. A. (2019). Impact of patient safety culture on missed nursing care and adverse patient events. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 34(4), 287-294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000378
Holland, P., Tham, T. L., Sheehan, C., & Cooper, B. (2019). The impact of perceived workload on nurse satisfaction with work-life balance and intention to leave the occupation. Applied Nursing Research, 49, 70-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2019.06.001
Hosseini, Z., Raisi, L., Maghari, A., & Karimollahi, M. (2022). Translation and psychometric properties of the MISSCARE survey-Persian version. BMC nursing, 21(1), 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00787-w
Huh, A., & Shin, J. H. (2021). Person-centered care practice, patient safety competence, and patient safety nursing activities of nurses working in geriatric hospitals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105169
Imam A, Obiesie S, Gathara D, Aluvaala J, Maina M, English M. Missed nursing care in acute care hospital settings in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Hum Resour Health. 2023 Mar 14;21(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12960-023-00807-7. PMID: 36918941; PMCID: PMC10015781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-023-00807-7
Janatolmakan, M., & Khatony, A. (2022). Explaining the consequences of missed nursing care from the perspective of nurses: a qualitative descriptive study in Iran. BMC nursing, 21(1), 59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00839-9
Jones, T. L., Hamilton, P., & Murry, N. (2015). Unfinished nursing care, missed care, and implicitly rationed care: State of the science review. International journal of nursing studies, 52(6), 1121-1137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.02.012
Jones, T., Drach‐Zahavy, A., Amorim‐Lopes, M., & Willis, E. (2020). Systems, economics, and neoliberal politics: Theories to understand missed nursing care. Nursing & health sciences, 22(3), 586-592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12700
Kalánková, D., Kirwan, M., Bartoníčková, D., Cubelo, F., Žiaková, K., & Kurucová, R. (2020). Missed, rationed, or unfinished nursing care: A scoping review of patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(8), 1783-1797. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12978
Kalisch, B. J. (2006). Missed nursing care: a qualitative study. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 21(4), 306-313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00001786-200610000-00006
Kalisch, B. J., Landstrom, G. L., & Hinshaw, A. S. (2009). Missed nursing care: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(7), 1509-1517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05027.x
Kalisch, B. J., Terzioglu, F., & Duygulu, S. (2012). The MISSCARE Survey-Turkish: psychometric properties and findings. Nursing Economics, 30(1), 29. Kalisch, B. J., & Xie, B. (2014). Errors of omission: missed nursing care. Western journal of nursing research, 36(7), 875-890. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945914531859
Karadaş, A., Ergün, S., & Kaynak, S. (2024). Relationship between missed nursing care and patients' trust in nurses and satisfaction with care: A cross‐sectional study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 26(3), e13149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.13149
Kassie, H., Endalkachew, K., & Kassahun, C. W. (2022). Missed Nursing Care and Associated Factors Among Nurses at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022. A cross-sectional study. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2362996/v1
Khajooee, R., Bagherian, B., Dehghan, M., & Forouzi, M. A. (2019). Missed nursing care and its related factors from the points of view of nurses affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Kitson, A. L. J. N. R. (2018). "The fundamentals of care framework as a point-of-care nursing theory." 67(2): 99-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000271
Kovacs, R. and M. J. J. o. H. E. Lagarde (2022). "Does high workload reduce the quality of healthcare? Evidence from rural Senegal." 82: 102600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102600
Lake, E. T., Germack, H. D., & Viscardi, M. K. (2016). Missed nursing care is linked to patient satisfaction: a cross-sectional study of US hospitals. BMJ quality & safety, 25(7), 535-543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2015-003961
Lake, E., Staiger, D., Cramer, E., Hatfield, L., Smith, J., Kalisch, B., & Rogowski, J. (2018, June). Missed nursing care in US neonatal intensive care units. In the 2018 Annual Research Meeting. Academy Health.
Lang, T. A., Hodge, M., Olson, V., Romano, P. S., & Kravitz, R. L. (2004). Nurse–patient ratios: a systematic review on the effects of nurse staffing on patient, nurse employee, and hospital outcomes. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 34(7), 326-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200407000-00005
Laschinger, H. K. S., & Fida, R. (2014). New nurses' burnout and workplace wellbeing: The influence of authentic leadership and psychological capital. Burnout Research, 1(1), 19-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2014.03.002
Lee, E., & Kalisch, B. J. (2021). Identification and comparison of missed nursing care in the United States of America and South Korea. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(11-12), 1596-1606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15712
Lee, L. L., Hsu, N., & Chang, S. C. (2007). An evaluation of the quality of nursing care in orthopedic units. Journal of Orthopedic Nursing, 11(3-4), 160-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joon.2007.07.002
Lucero, R. J., Lake, E. T., & Aiken, L. H. (2010). Nursing care quality and adverse events in US hospitals. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(15‐16), 2185-2195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03250.x
Maghsoud, F., Rezaei, M., Asgarian, F. S., & Rassouli, M. (2022). Workload and quality of nursing care: the mediating role of implicit rationing of nursing care, job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion by using structural equations modeling approach. BMC nursing, 21(1), 273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-01055-1
Morris, R., MacNeela, P., Scott, A., Treacy, P., & Hyde, A. (2007). Reconsidering the conceptualization of nursing workload: literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 57(5), 463 471. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04134.x
Myny, D., Van Goubergen, D., Gobert, M., Vanderwee, K., Van Hecke, A., & Defloor, T. (2011). Non‐direct patient care factors influencing nursing workload: A review of the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(10), 2109-2129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05689.x
Needham, I., Abderhalden, C., Zeller, A., Dassen, T., Haug, H. J., Fischer, J. E., & Halfens, R. J. (2005). The effect of a training course on nursing students' attitudes toward, perceptions of, and confidence in managing patient aggression. Journal of Nursing Education, 44(9), 415-420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20050901-06
Neill, D. (2011). Nursing workload and the changing health care environment: a review of the literature. Administrative Issues Journal, 1(2), 13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5929/2011.1.2.11
P. Rahmani, F. Molaei Tavani, Z. Sheikhalipour, M. Behshid, M.T. Khodayari, O. Zadi akhuleh,
Putra, K. R., Hany, A., Ningrum, E., Arisetijono, E., Taji, M., & Vatmasari, R. (2025). Patient safety culture, missed nursing care, and adverse events in university hospitals: A Cross-Sectional study. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 30(3), 349-355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_210_23
Riman, K. A., Harrison, J. M., Sloane, D. M., & McHugh, M. D. (2022). Work environment and operational failures associated with nurse outcomes, patient safety, and patient satisfaction. Nursing research, 72(1), 20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000626
Saravanan, P., Nisar, T., Zhang, Q., Masud, F., & Sasangohar, F. (2023). Occupational stress and burnout among intensive care unit nurses during the pandemic: A prospective longitudinal study of nurses in COVID and non-COVID units. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1129268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1129268
Sarpong, A. A., Towell‐Barnard, A., Gent, L., Afrifa‐Yamoah, E., & Arabiat, D. (2025). Patients' Perception of Missed Nursing Care in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Nursing Open, 12(2), e70157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.70157
Senek, M., Robertson, S., Ryan, T., Sworn, K., King, R., Wood, E., & Tod, A. (2020). Nursing care left undone in community settings: results from a UK cross‐sectional survey. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(8), 1968-1974. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12995
Sworn, K., & Booth, A. (2020). A systematic review of the impact of ‘missed care’in primary, community and nursing home settings. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(8), 1805-1829. The relationship between attitude of nurses toward patient safety and missed nursing care: A predictive study, Journal of Healthcare Quality Research, Volume 37, Issue 3, 2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12969
Tubbs‐Cooley, H. L., Pickler, R. H., Mark, B. A., & Carle, A. C. (2015). A research protocol for testing relationships between nurse workload, missed nursing care, and neonatal outcomes: the neonatal nursing care quality study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 71(3), 632-641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12507
Van Bogaert, P., Peremans, L., Van Heusden, D., Verspuy, M., Kureckova, V., Van de Cruys, Z., & Franck, E. (2017). Predictors of burnout, work engagement and nurse-reported job outcomes and quality of care: a mixed-methods study. BMC nursing, 16(1), 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-016-0200-4
VanFosson, C. A., Jones, T. L., & Yoder, L. H. (2016). Unfinished nursing care: An important performance measure for nursing care systems. Nursing Outlook, 64(2), 124-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2015.12.010
World Health Organization. (2023). Bucharest Declaration on health and care workforce. High-level Regional Meeting on Health and Care Workforce in Europe: time to act, 22–23 March 2023, Bucharest, Romania.
Xie, B., & Salvendy, G. (2000). Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single-and multi-task environments. Work & Stress, 14(1), 74-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/026783700417249
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2026 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
