Genotyping and virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Patients with Gastroenteritis in Al-Diwaniyah Province/Iraq
Keywords:
Helicobcter pylori, VACAm1, VACAm2, Ice A2, ERIC PCRAbstract
The frequency distribution of Helicobacter pylori approximately 20 and 40% in developed nations and about 90%in developing countries. Diseases related to Helicobacter pylori is detected by a number virulence factors. So, the aim of this work is to detect virulence gene; VACAm1 (Vaculating Cytotoxin Type Am1), VACAm2 (Vacuolating Cytotoxin Type Am2), and IceA2 (Induced by Contact with Epithelium Gene A2) in Helicobacter pylori isolates from patients with gastroenteritis symptoms using the molecular method (PCR). This study was conducted in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate / Iraq, and it included 40 patients, their ages ranged between 11 and 56 years, of both sexes. The samples were collected from October 2021 to February 2022. It depended on the diagnosis of the specialist doctor in diagnosing patients with gastroenteritis. Samples were collected from the Gastrointestinal Center at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital and the Internal Medicine Consultation, 20 stool samples were collected and placed in a sterile container and preserved with a phosphate buffer saline solution and 20 Tissue biopsy samples were taken from the patients’ stomachs where biopsies excised from the gastric antrum using endoscopic forceps and preserved with normal saline solution.
Downloads
References
Al-Jumaili, S. A., Althwani, A. N., & Al-Khalidi, N. M. (2021). Evaluation of Two Housekeeping Gene in Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori and Compare It to another Routine Test. Proceedings of the 1st International Ninevah Conference on Medical Sciences (INCMS 2021), 38(Incms), 34–37. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.211012.006
Alexander, A., F., & Axon. (2010). Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and Public Health Implications. 2010.
Ali, A., Naz, A., Soares, S. C., Bakhtiar, M., Tiwari, S., Hassan, S. S., Hanan, F., Ramos, R., Pereira, U., Barh, D., Figueiredo, H. C. P., Ussery, D. W., Miyoshi, A., Silva, A., & Azevedo, V. (2015). Pan-genome analysis of human gastric pathogen H. pylori: Comparative genomics and pathogenomics approaches to identify regions associated with pathogenicity and prediction of potential core therapeutic targets. BioMed Research International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/139580
Ben Mansour, K., Fendri, C., Zribi, M., Masmoudi, A., Labbene, M., Fillali, A., Ben Mami, N., Najjar, T., Meherzi, A., Sfar, T., & Burucoa, C. (2010). Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA, cagA, iceA and oipA genotypes in Tunisian patients. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 9(m), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-9-10
Caner, V., Yilmaz, M., Yonetci, N., Zencir, S., Karagenc, N., Kaleli, I., & Bagci, H. (2007). H pylori iceA alleles are disease-specific virulence factors. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 13(18), 2581–2585. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i18.2581
Enzo, I., Giorgio, F., Losurdo, G., Sorrentino, C., Principi, M., & Leo, A. Di. (2015). Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA sequences in gastric biopsy samples to refine the diagnosis and therapy. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 64(7), 788–789. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000075
Essawi, T., Hammoudeh, W., Sabri, I., Sweidan, W., & Farraj, M. A. (2013). Determination of Helicobacter pylori Virulence Genes in Gastric Biopsies by PCR . ISRN Gastroenterology, 2013(August 2012), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/606258
Finger, S. A., Velapatiño, B., Kosek, M., Santivañez, L., Dailidiene, D., Quino, W., Balqui, J., Herrera, P., Berg, D. E., & Gilman, R. H. (2006). Effectiveness of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting for Helicobacter pylori strain differentiation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(7), 4713–4716. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00894-06
González-Vázquez, R., Herrera-González, S., Cordova-Espinoza, M. G., Zúñiga, G., Giono-Cerezo, S., Hernández-Hernández, J. M., & León-Ávila, G. (2012). Helicobacter pylori: Detection of iceA1 and iceA2 Genes in the Same Strain in Mexican Isolates. Archives of Medical Research, 43(5), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.07.009
He, Q., Wang, J. P., Osato, M., & Lachman, L. B. (2002). Real-time quantitative PCR for detection of Helicobacter pylori. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40(10), 3720–3728. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.10.3720-3728.2002
Huang, X., Deng, Z., Zhang, Q., Li, W., Wang, B., & Li, M. (2016). Relationship between the iceA gene of Helicobacter pylori and clinical outcomes. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 12, 1085–1092. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S107991
Hussain, M. A., Kauser, F., Khan, A. A., Tiwari, S., Habibullah, C. M., & Ahmed, N. (2004). Implications of molecular genotyping of Helicobacter pylori isolates from different human populations by genomic fingerprinting of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus regions for strain identification and geographic evolution. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42(6), 2372–2378. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.6.2372-2378.2004
Idowu, A., Mzukwa, A., Harrison, U., Palamides, P., Haas, R., Mbao, M., Mamdoo, R., Bolon, J., Jolaiya, T., Smith, S., Ally, R., Clarke, A., & Njom, H. (2019). Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its virulence genes (cagA, dupA, and vacA) among patients with gastroduodenal diseases in Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, South Africa. BMC Gastroenterology, 19(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-019-0986-0
Idris, A. B., Hassan, H. G., Salaheldin Ali, M. A., Eltaher, S. M., Idris, L. B., Altayb, H. N., Abass, A. M., Ibrahim, M. M. A., Ibrahim, E. A. M., & Hassan, M. A. (2020). Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of 16S rRNA Sequences Identified Two Lineages of Helicobacter pylori Strains Detected from Different Regions in Sudan Suggestive of Differential Evolution. International Journal of Microbiology, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8825718
Kao, C. Y., Sheu, B. S., & Wu, J. J. (2016). Helicobacter pylori infection: An overview of bacterial virulence factors and pathogenesis. Biomedical Journal, 39(1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2015.06.002
MacFaddin, J. F. (2000). Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria, Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA, 113.
Mamoun, M., M, E. S., Enan, K. A., Abdo, A. E., & Hassan, M. A. (2015). Molecular Identification 0f 16s Ribosomal RNA Gene of Helicobacter pylori Isolated from Gastric Biopsies in Sudan. American Journal of Microbiological Research, 3(2), 50–54. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-3-2-1
Mehr, P., Shokoohizadeh, Mzirzaee, M., & Savari, M. (2017). Molecular Typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)–PCR. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology, 3(4), 112–116. https://doi.org/10.18869/modares.iem.3.4.112
Momtaz, H., Souod, N., Dabiri, H., & Sarshar, M. (2012). Study of Helicobacter pylori genotype status in saliva, dental plaques, stool and gastric biopsy samples. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18(17), 2105–2111. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i17.2105
Nimri, L. F., Matalka, I., Hani, K. B., & Ibrahim, M. (2006). Helicobacter pylori genotypes identified in gastric biopsy specimens from Jordanian patients. BMC Gastroenterology, 6, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-6-27
Oluwasola, A. O. (2014). Genetic determinants and clinico-pathological outcomes of helicobacter pylori infection. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, 12(1), 22–30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25332697%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4201930
Parreira, P., Magalhães, A., Reis, C. A., Borén, T., Leckband, D., & Martins, M. C. L. (2013). Bioengineered surfaces promote specific protein-glycan mediated binding of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Acta Biomaterialia, 9(11), 8885–8893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.042
Ricci, V. (2016). Relationship between vaca toxin and host cell autophagy in helicobacter pylori infection of the human stomach: A few answers, Many questions. Toxins, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8070203
Robinson, K., & Atherton, J. C. (2021). The spectrum of Helicobacter-mediated diseases. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, 16, 123–144.
Roesler, B. M., Rabelo-Gonçalves, E. M. A., & Zeitune, J. M. R. (2014). Virulence factors of helicobacter pylori: A review. Clinical Medicine Insights: Gastroenterology, 7, 9–27. https://doi.org/10.4137/CGast.S13760
Sabbagh, P., Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M., Javanian, M., Babazadeh, A., Koppolu, V., Vasigala, V. K. R., Nouri, H. R., & Ebrahimpour, S. (2019). Diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori infection: ideals, options, and limitations. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 38(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-018-3414-4
Seifi, K., Kazemian, H., Heidari, H., Rezagholizadeh, F., Saee, Y., Shirvani, F., & Houri, H. (2016). Evaluation of biofilm formation among klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and molecular characterization by ERIC-PCR. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 9(1), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.30682
Singh, V., Mishra, S., Rao, G. R. K., Jain, A. K., Dixit, V. K., Gulati, A. K., Mahajan, D., McClelland, M., & Nath, G. (2008). Evaluation of nested PCR in detection of Helicobacter pylori targeting a highly conserved gene: HSP60. Helicobacter, 13(1), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00573.x
Smolka, A. J., & Backert, S. (2012). How Helicobacter pylori infection controls gastric acid secretion. Journal of Gastroenterology, 47(6), 609–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-012-0592-1
Stefano, K., Rosalia, A., Chiara, B., Federica, G., Marco, M., Gioacchino, L., Fabiola, F., Francesco, D. M., & Gian, L. de’Angelis. (2018). Non-invasive tests for the diagnosis of helicobacter pylori: State of the art. Acta Biomedica, 89, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v89i8-S.7910
Šterbenc, A., Jarc, E., Poljak, M., & Homan, M. (2019). Helicobacter pylori virulence genes. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 25(33), 4870–4884. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4870
Subsomwong, P., Miftahussurur, M., Uchida, T., Vilaichone, R. K., Ratanachu-Ek, T., Mahachai, V., & Yamaoka, Y. (2017). Prevalence, risk factors, and virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori among dyspeptic patients in two different gastric cancer risk regions of Thailand. PLoS ONE, 12(10), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187113
Szymczak, A., Ferenc, S., Majewska, J., Miernikiewicz, P., Gnus, J., Witkiewicz, W., & Dąbrowska, K. (2020). Application of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in Helicobacter pylori detection. PeerJ, 2020(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9099
Tanih, N. F., McMillan, M., Naidoo, N., Ndip, L. M., Weaver, L. T., & Ndip, R. N. (2010). Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA, cagA and iceA genotypes in South African patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases. Acta Tropica, 116(1), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.05.011
Weng, M. T., Chiu, Y. T., Wei, P. Y., Chiang, C. W., Fang, H. L., & Wei, S. C. (2019). Microbiota and gastrointestinal cancer. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 118(7), S32–S41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2019.01.002
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.
