Awareness and knowledge of smile analysis and smile arc among orthodontists and non – orthodontists
A knowledge, attitude, and practices survey
Keywords:
incisor display, orthodontics, smile, smile analysis, smile arcAbstract
The aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the awareness and knowledge of smile arc and analysis among orthodontists and non-orthodontists by means of conducting a knowledge, attitude and practices survey. A closed questionnaire of 17 questions was prepared in consultation with experts involved in the training of dentists. Based on a pilot study a response count of 130 was determined to achieve a power of 80. The questionnaire was shred through professional chat forums. A reminder post was shared two weeks after the initial post. The survey was closed four weeks after the reminder post and 145 responses were obtained. Most respondents were non-orthodontists and were young practitioners with experience of less than 5 years. Descriptive statistics showed that most respondents are aware of smile analysis and smile arc but most respondents do not use it in practice for diagnosis and treatment planning. Independent t-test showed that orthodontists are more aware of smile arc and smile analysis and use it more often in clinical practice when compared to non-orthodontists. Most participants are aware of the parameters for to be evaluated for smile analysis and smile arc.
Downloads
References
Newton JT, Prabhu N, Robinson PG. The impact of dental appearance on the appraisal of personal characteristics. Int J Prosthodont. 2003 Jul;16(4):429–34.
Tjan AHL, Miller GD, The JGP. Some esthetic factors in a smile. J Prosthet Dent. 1984;51(1):24–8.
Maulik C, Nanda R. Dynamic smile analysis in young adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Sep 1;132(3):307–15.
Hickman L, Firestone AR, Beck FM, Speer S. Eye fixations when viewing faces. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2010 Jan 1;141(1):40–6.
Carnegie D. How To Win Friends and Influence People. Simon and Schuster; 2010. 320 p.
Cotrim ER, Vasconcelos Júnior ÁV, Haddad ACSS, Reis SAB. Perception of adults’ smile esthetics among orthodontists, clinicians and laypeople. Dental Press J Orthod. 2015;20(1):40–4.
The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: The smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Aug 1;120(2):98–111.
Bilal R. Perception of smile by orthodontists, general dentists and dental students: A Comparative study. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal [Internet]. 2015;35(2). Available from: http://podj.com.pk/archive/Jun_2015/PODJ-9.pdf
McLaren EA, Culp L. Smile analysis. J Cosmet Dent. 2013;29(1):94–108.
Sheth K. An analysis of the components of a human smile [Internet]. Vol. 03, Journal of Community & Public Health Nursing. 2017. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000202
Sabri R. The eight components of a balanced smile. J Clin Orthod. 2005 Mar;39(3):155–67; quiz 154.
Munjal P, Chhabra S. Smile and its components-A review. Int J Appl Dent Sci. 2017;3(3):167–70.
Sarver DM, Ackerman MB. Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Jul;124(1):4–12.
Margolis MJ. Esthetic considerations in orthodontic treatment of adults. Dent Clin North Am. 1997 Jan;41(1):29–48.
Ackerman MB, Ackerman JL. Smile analysis and design in the digital era. J Clin Orthod. 2002 Apr;36(4):221–36.
Ackerman JL, Ackerman MB, Brensinger CM, Landis JR. A morphometric analysis of the posed smile. Clin Orthod Res. 1998 Aug;1(1):2–11.
Rigsbee OH 3rd, Sperry TP, BeGole EA. The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1988;3(4):233–9.
Showfety KJ, Vig PS, Matteson S. A simple method for taking natural-head-position cephalograms. Am J Orthod. 1983 Jun;83(6):495–500.
Zawawi KH, Malki GA, Al-Zahrani MS, Alkhiary YM. Effect of lip position and gingival display on smile and esthetics as perceived by college students with different educational backgrounds. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2013 Oct 31;5:77–80.
Badran SA, Mustafa M. A comparison between laypeople and orthodontists in evaluating the effect of buccal corridor and smile arc on smile esthetics [Internet]. Vol. 2, Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. 2013. p. e123–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2013.05.005
Rosenstiel SF, Rashid RG. Public preferences for anterior tooth variations: a web-based study. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2002;14(2):97–106.
Van der Geld P, Oosterveld P, Van Heck G, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Smile attractiveness. Self-perception and influence on personality. Angle Orthod. 2007 Sep;77(5):759–65.
McNamara L, McNamara JA, Ackerman MB, Baccetti T. Hard- and soft-tissue contributions to the esthetics of the posed smile in growing patients seeking orthodontic treatment [Internet]. Vol. 133, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2008. p. 491–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.05.042
Cardash HS, Ormanier Z, Laufer BZ. Observable deviation of the facial and anterior tooth midlines. J Prosthet Dent. 2003 Mar;89(3):282–5.
Roden-Johnson D, Gallerano R, English J. The effects of buccal corridor spaces and arch form on smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Mar;127(3):343–50.
Parekh J, Fields H, Beck M, Rosenstiel S. The perception of selected aspects of smile esthetics—smile arcs and buccal corridors [Internet]. Vol. 129, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2006. p. 711. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.08.012
Parekh S, Fields HW, Beck FM, Rosenstiel SF. The acceptability of variations in smile arc and buccal corridor space [Internet]. Vol. 10, Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research. 2007. p. 15–21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00378.x
Câmara CA. Estética em Ortodontia: seis linhas horizontais do sorriso. Dental Press J Orthod. 2010;15(1):118–31.
Machado AW. 10 commandments of smile esthetics. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19(4):136–57.
Kadhim HA, Ghazi A ’a, Al Toma RR, Saloom HF. Impact of assessing smile parameters as part of orthodontic treatment planning - a survey based analysis. J World Fed Orthod. 2020 Sep;9(3):117–22.
Janson G, Branco NC, Fernandes TMF, Sathler R, Garib D, Lauris JRP. Influence of orthodontic treatment, midline position, buccal corridor and smile arc on smile attractivenessA systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2011 Jan 1;81(1):153–61.
Theobald AH, Wong BKJ, Quick AM, Thomson W. The impact of the popular media on cosmetic dentistry. N Z Dent J. 2006;102(3):58.
Kiyak HA. Does orthodontic treatment affect patients’ quality of life? J Dent Educ. 2008 Aug;72(8):886–94.
Langlois JH, Kalakanis L, Rubenstein AJ, Larson A, Hallam M, Smoot M. Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychol Bull. 2000 May;126(3):390–423.
Mandall NA, Wright J, Conboy FM, O’Brien KD. The relationship between normative orthodontic treatment need and measures of consumer perception. Community Dent Health. 2001 Mar;18(1):3–6.
Stevenage SV, McKay Y. Model applicants: The effect of facial appearance on recruitment decisions. Br J Psychol. 1999 May 24;90(2):221–34.
Hosoda M, Stone-Romero EF, Coats G. The effects of physical attractiveness on job-related outcomes: A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Pers Psychol. 2003;56(2):431–62.
Buss DM, Schmitt DP. Sexual strategies theory: an evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychol Rev. 1993 Apr;100(2):204–32.
Oshagh M, Zarif NH, Bahramnia F. Evaluation of the effect of buccal corridor size on smile attractiveness. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2010 Winter;5(4):370–80.
Londoño Bolívar MÁ, Botero Mariaca P. La sonrisa y sus dimensiones. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq. 2012;23(2):253–365.
Elaskary A. Advances in Esthetic Implant Dentistry. John Wiley & Sons; 2019. 392 p.
Kau CH, Christou T, Xie RB, Abou-Saleh T. Rating of smile attractiveness of patients finished to the American Board of Orthodontics standards. J Orofac Orthop. 2020 Jul;81(4):239–48.
Gaikwad S, Kaur H, Vaz AC, Singh B, Taneja L, Vinod KS, et al. Influence of Smile Arc and Buccal Corridors on Facial Attractiveness: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Sep;10(9):ZC20–3.
Bastidas JA. Surgical Correction of the “Gummy Smile.” Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am [Internet]. 2021; Available from: https://www.oralmaxsurgery.theclinics.com/article/S1042-3699(21)00005-4/abstract
Goel A, Professor A, Department of Anatomy, Mullana M, Ambala, India., et al. ANALYSIS OF ESTHETIC COMPONENTS OF SMILE IN NORTH INDIAN FEMALES [Internet]. Vol. 4, International Journal of Anatomy and Research. 2016. p. 2789–94. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2016.333
Sarver D. Smile projection‐a new concept in smile design [Internet]. Vol. 33, Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2021. p. 237–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12708
Sarver DM. Dentofacial Esthetics: From Macro to Micro. Quintessence Publishing Company, Incorporated; 2020. 502 p.
Kaya B, Uyar R. Influence on smile attractiveness of the smile arc in conjunction with gingival display [Internet]. Vol. 144, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2013. p. 541–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.05.006
Haerian A, Rafiei E, Joshan N, Eghbali R, Tehrani PF. Impact of variations in maxillary lateral incisor dimensions on smile esthetics [Internet]. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2021. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.06.047
Goldstein RE, Belinfante L, Nahai F. Change Your Smile. Quintessence Publishing Company; 1997. 324 p.
Jameson WS. Dynesthetic and Dentogenic Concept Revisited [Internet]. Vol. 14, Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2002. p. 139–48. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2002.tb00514.x
Suryasa, I. W., Rodríguez-Gámez, M., & Koldoris, T. (2022). Post-pandemic health and its sustainability: Educational situation. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(1), i-v. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.5949
Lestari, W. O. S. W., Syarif, S., Hidayanty, H., Aminuddin, A., & Ramadany, S. (2021). Nutrition education with android-based application media to increase knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of pregnant women about chronic energy deficiency (KEK). International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 4(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijhms.v4n1.440
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 International journal of health sciences
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
This copyright notice applies to articles published in IJHS volumes 4 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under Journal History.