Virtual reality as a distraction strategy during venipuncture procedures in children: A systematic review
Keywords:
Virtual reality, venipuncture, pediatric pain, distraction, anxiety reductionAbstract
Background: Venipuncture is a common but painful and anxiety-provoking medical procedure for children. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a non-pharmacological distraction strategy to mitigate pain and distress. Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing pain and anxiety during venipuncture in pediatric patients. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies published between January 2010 and March 2024. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Results: Ten studies involving 1,032 children aged 4–17 years met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported a statistically significant reduction in self-reported pain and anxiety levels in the VR group compared to control groups using standard care or other distraction methods. VR was also associated with high patient satisfaction and minimal side effects. Conclusion: VR distraction is an effective and safe tool to alleviate pain and anxiety in children undergoing venipuncture. Incorporating VR into pediatric care could improve patient experience and procedural outcomes.
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