The impact of biologics on the management of autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review for pharmacists
Keywords:
Biologics, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus Erythematosus, Asthma, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Autoimmune DisordersAbstract
Background: Biologics have emerged as a transformative approach in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), asthma, and multiple sclerosis (MS), addressing the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of these complex diseases. Aim: the main aim of this review is to explore the main biologics used for the treatment of SLE, IBD, MS, RA, and Asthma. Methods: An updated data were collected and analyzed using research original articles, and reviewed articles. Results: Biologics like belimumab and rituximab target B cells, offering limited yet significant improvements in patient outcomes. Other promising agents such as epratuzumab and low-dose IL-2 are under investigation, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy with improved safety profiles. In asthma management, monoclonal antibodies such as omalizumab, mepolizumab, and dupilumab target key cytokines involved in the inflammatory response, significantly reducing exacerbations and improving patient quality of life. Similarly, natalizumab represents a crucial advancement in MS therapy by inhibiting T cell migration into the central nervous system, effectively reducing disease activity. Despite their efficacy, the use of biologics is accompanied by challenges, including potential adverse effects and the need for personalized treatment strategies.
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